Purpose To determine whether there is any difference in the prevalence of acquired cystic disease and malignancy of the kidney in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis. Data Identification Relevant studies published from January 1983 to June 1991 were identified by manual search and MEDLINE search. Study Selection We reviewed the studies in which acquired renal cystic disease and/or renal cell carcinoma developed in patients on CAPD. Data Extraction Details of the prevalence of acquired cystic disease and renal malignancy as a complication of acquired cysts in CAPD patients were tabulated with the duration of treatment. Results Acquired cystic disease was observed in 195 of 425CAPD patients(41.1%), which is comparable to the prevalence of 47.1% (520/1103) seen in hemodialysis patients. The overall prevalence of renal cell carcinoma accompanying acquired cystic disease in this series of CAPD patients was 2 of 375 (0.4%), which is comparable to the prevalence of 1.5% (17/1103) in hemodialysis patients. So far, eight other instances of renal cell carcinoma complicating acquired cystic disease in CAPD patients were described as case reports. Retroperitoneal bleeding due to the rupture of acquired cysts has been reported on a few occasions. Conclusion In this review no differences were detected in the prevalence or severity of acquired renal cystic disease in patients treated with CAPD as compared with those on hemodialysis. Therefore, the incidence of complications associated with acquired cysts may also be the same for the two treatment modalities, although reports on such complications are rare.
