KAJIAN LITERATUR: PENGARUH TELENURSING TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN DENGAN PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIK YANG MENJALANI CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS (CAPD) [LITERATURE REVIEW: THE EFFECT OF TELENURSING ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UNDERGOING CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS (CAPD)]

<p><em>Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the diseases associated with symptoms or disability that requires </em><em>long-term management. One of the interventions that can be done in patients with CKD is Continuous </em><em>Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD). Self-care for patients with CKD requires optimal services for </em><em>medical, social, mental, and emotional problems. Telenursing can be used as a process of providing </em><em>management, coordination of care, and health services through information technology and </em><em>telecommunications, so that patients’ problem related to treatment can be resolved and the quality of life of </em><em>patients can be improved. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of telenursing on the quality of </em><em>life of patients with CKD undergoing CAPD. PICOT framework was utilized to find related journals. The data </em><em>sources of this researchwere taken from the e-resources database of National Library of Indonesia, PubMed </em><em>and Google Scholar and then selected using the PRISMA flow diagram to produce nine articles. Each article </em><em>had been described and criticized in the form of a matrix table using a simplified approach method. Three </em><em>themes then emerged from the analysis, namely the quality of life of CKD patients who were running CAPD </em><em>was good, the quality of life of CKD patients who were running CAPD was better than patients who were </em><em>undergoing hemodialysis, and the quality of life of CKD patients who were running CAPD by telenursing had </em><em>increased. Telenursing can facilitate patient access in seeking health services and increase the effectiveness of </em><em>patient time, so that the patient's quality of life can improve.</em><strong><br /><br />BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: </strong>Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang berkaitan dengan gejala-gejala atau kecacatan yang membutuhkan penatalaksanaan jangka panjang. Salah satu intervensi yang dapat dilakukan pada pasien dengan PGK adalah<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)</em>. Perawatan diri pada penderita PGK membutuhkan layanan yang optimal terhadap masalah-masalah yang bersifat medis, sosial, mental, dan emosional. Telenursing dapat dijadikan sebagai suatu proses pemberian manajemen, koordinasi asuhan, dan layanan kesehatan melalui teknologi informasi dan telekomunikasi, sehingga masalah-masalah yang ada pada pasien terkait pengobatan dapat teratasi dan kualitas hidup pasien dapat meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh telenursing terhadap kualitas hidup pasien dengan PGK yang menjalani CAPD. Dalam strategi mencari jurnal framework yang digunakan adalah PICOT. Sumber data yang digunakan diambil dari database e-resources Perpusnas, PubMed dan Google Scholar kemudian diseleksi dengan menggunakan flow diagram PRISMA sehingga menghasilkan sembilan artikel. Setiap artikel telah dijabarkan dan dikritisi dalam bentuk tabel matriks menggunakan simplified approach method. Hasil penelitian ditemukan tiga tema yaitu kualitas hidup pasien PGK yang menjalankan CAPD baik, kualitas hidup pasien PGK yang menjalankan CAPD lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pasien yang menjalankan hemodialisis, dan kualitas hidup pasien PGK yang menjalankan CAPD dengan telenursing mengalami peningkatan. Telenursing dapat mempermudah akses pasien dalam mencari pelayanan kesehatan dan menambah efektivitas waktu pasien, sehingga kualitas hidup pasien dapat meningkat.</p>

Risk Factors for The First Episode of Peritonitis in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in Pranangklao Hospital

Background: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a renal replacement therapy for end stage renal disease patients. Peritonitis is a common complication in CAPD patients leading cause of technical failure and patient mortality. Investigating the risk for the first episode of peritonitis could help to prevent and improve CAPD outcomes. Objective: To investigate the risk factors for the first episode of peritonitis in CAPD patients in Pranangklao Hospital. Materials and Methods: A single-center, retrospective descriptive study was conducted to evaluate patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). All incident CAPD patients between October 1, 2011 and March 1, 2021 were recruited. Baseline demographic, and clinical and laboratory data were collected from medical records. Results: In a cumulative 10,916.9 patient-months follow-up of the 411 CAPD patients, 227 were male and 184 were female. One hundred eightyeight (45.7%) patients presented the first episode of peritonitis. The mean age of peritonitis free group and first peritonitis group was 58.2 years and 56.7 years, respectively. The mean duration from starting CAPD to the first episode of peritonitis was 19.4 months. The average peritonitis rate was 0.26 episodes per year, or one episode per 46.84 patient-months. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics and laboratory data between these two groups, except there were more diabetes mellitus in the infectious peritonitis group at 72.6% versus 62.8% (p=0.03). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common organism causing peritonitis. The multivariate logistic regression showed that diabetes mellitus (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.46, p=0.04) was the risk factors associated with peritonitis. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus was the risk factor associated with the first episode of peritonitis. Therefore, special supervision should be provided to this group of patients by optimally controlling the diabetic conditions. Keywords: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; First peritonitis episode; Risk factors

Impact of prolonged duration of different types of renal replacement therapies on serum levels of endothelin-1 and pulmonary function tests

Introduction: This study was carried out to investigate the impact of duration of different renal replacement therapies such as hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis on potential overproduction of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and pulmonary function tests in these patients. Materials and methods: The study included 26 patients (14 males, mean age 54.9&plusmn;16.2 years) with end stage renal diseases (ESRD) receiving regular hemodialysis (HD) and 23 patients (10 males, mean age 55.8&plusmn;15.8 years) with ESRD treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The spirometry values were recorded before the onset of HD and prior to emptying the peritoneal cavity in CAPD patients and ET-1 was measured using the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) methodology. Two groups of patients (groups 1 and 2) were further divided into subgroups (group A and group B). Groups A (1-A and 2-A) included patients treated with any type of renal replacement therapy (RRT) (HD or CAPD) less than 5 years, and groups B (1-B and 2-B) included patients treated with any type of RRT (HD or CAPD) longer than 5 years. Results: Patients treated with HD or CAPD for more than five years were found to have significantly higher serum levels of ET-1 (HD = 41.49&plusmn;21.28 vs. 185.13&plusmn;73.67, p<0.01; PD = 51.24&plusmn;32.11 vs. 139.53&plusmn;42.42, p<0.01, respectively). Values of most pulmonary function parameters differed significantly between groups treated longer or shorter than 5 years: FVC (HD = 108.4&plusmn;13.34 vs. 80.82&plusmn;11.26, p<0.01; CAPD = 97.20&plusmn;18.99 vs. 73.25&plusmn;10.73, p<0.01, respectively), FEV1 (HD = 108.33&plusmn;15.8 vs. 76.73&plusmn;4.9, p<0.01; CAPD = 100.67&plusmn;18.31 vs. 66.75&plusmn;6.25, p<0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Prolonged duration of any type of renal replacement therapy is associated with higher serum levels of ET-1 and with lower pulmonary function tests in ESRD patients.