Discrete-event simulation of an information-based raw material allocation process for increasing the efficiency of an energy wood supply chain

2015 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Windisch ◽  
Kari Väätäinen ◽  
Perttu Anttila ◽  
Mikko Nivala ◽  
Juha Laitila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Discrete Event Simulation ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Energy Wood ◽  
Allocation Process

scholarly journals Discrete event simulation of multimodal and unimodal transportation in the wood supply chain: a literature review

Silva Fennica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Kogler ◽  
Peter Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Discrete Event Simulation ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Supply Chain Dynamics

This review systematically analyses and classifies research and review papers focusing on discrete event simulation applied to wood transport, and therefore illustrates the development of the research area from 1997 until 2017. Discrete event simulation allows complex supply chain models to be mapped in a straightforward manner to study supply chain dynamics, test alternative strategies, communicate findings and facilitate understanding of various stakeholders. The presented analyses confirm that discrete event simulation is well-suited for analyzing interconnected wood supply chain transportation issues on an operational and tactical level. Transport is the connective link between interrelated system components of the forest products industry. Therefore, a survey on transport logistics allows to analyze the significance of entire supply chain management considerations to improve the overall performance and not only one part in isolation. Thus far, research focuses mainly on biomass, unimodal truck transport and terminal operations. Common shortcomings identified include rough explanations of simulation models and sparse details provided about the verification and validation processes. Research gaps exist concerning simulations of entire, resilient and multimodal wood supply chains as well as supply and demand risks. Further studies should expand upon the few initial attempts to combine various simulation methods with optimization.

scholarly journals Contingency Plans for the Wood Supply Chain Based on Bottleneck and Queuing Time Analyses of a Discrete Event Simulation

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Kogler ◽  
Peter Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Discrete Event Simulation ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Business Cases

Wood supply chain performance suffers from risks intensified by more frequent and extreme natural calamities such as windstorms, bark beetle infestations, and ice-break treetops. In order to limit further damage and wood value loss after natural calamities, high volumes of salvage wood have to be rapidly transported out of the forest. In these cases, robust decision support and coordinated management strategies based on advanced contingency planning are needed. Consequently, this study introduces a contingency planning toolbox consisting of a discrete event simulation model setup for analyses on an operational level, strategies to cope with challenging business cases, as well as transport templates to analyze outcomes of decisions before real, costly, and long-lasting changes are made. The toolbox enables wood supply managers to develop contingency plans to prepare for increasing risk events and more frequent natural disturbances due to climate change. Crucial key performance indicators including truck to wagon ratios, truck and wagon utilization, worktime coordination, truck queuing times, terminal transhipment volume, and required stockyard are presented for varying delivery time, transport tonnage, and train pick-up scenarios. The strategy BEST FIT was proven to provide robust solutions which saves truck and train resources, as well as keeps transhipment volume on a high level and stockyard and queuing time on a low level. Permission granted for increased truck transport tonnages was evaluated as a potential means to reduce truck trips, if working times and train pick-ups are coordinated. Furthermore, the practical applicability for contingency planning is demonstrated by highly relevant business cases such as limited wagon or truck availability, defined delivery quota, terminal selection, queuing time reduction, or scheduled stock accumulation. Further research should focus on the modeling and management of log quality deterioration and the resulting wood value loss caused by challenging transport and storage conditions.

Network resilience modelling: a New Zealand forestry supply chain case

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-311
Author(s):  
Paul Childerhouse ◽  
Mohammed Al Aqqad ◽  
Quan Zhou ◽  
Carel Bezuidenhout
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Discrete Event Simulation ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Network Resilience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supply Chain Resilience ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Export Supply

PurposeThe objective of this research is to model supply chain network resilience for low frequency high impact disruptions. The outputs are aimed at providing policy and practitioner guidance on ways to enhance supply chain resilience.Design/methodology/approachThe research models the resilience of New Zealand's log export logistical network. A two-tier approach is developed; linear programming is used to model the aggregate-level resilience of the nation's ports, then discrete event simulation is used to evaluate operational constraints and validate the capacity of operational flows from forests to ports.FindingsThe synthesis of linear programming and discrete event simulation provide a holistic approach to evaluate supply chain resilience and enhance operational efficiency. Strategically increasing redundancy can be complimented with operational flexibility to enhance network resilience in the long term.Research limitations/implicationsThe two-tier modelling approach has only been applied to New Zealand's log export supply chains, so further applications are needed to insure reliability. The requirement for large quantities of empirical data relating to operational flows limited the simulation component to a single regionPractical implicationsNew Zealand's log export supply chain has low resilience; in most cases the closure of a port significantly constrains export capacity. Strategic selection of location and transportation mode by foresters and log exporters can significantly enhance the resilience of their supply chains.Originality/valueThe use of a two-tiered analytical approach enhances validity as each level's limitations and assumptions are addressed when combined with one another. Prior predominantly theoretical research in the field is validated by the empirical investigation of supply chain resilience.

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