The role of left vs. right superior temporal gyrus in speech perception: An fMRI-guided TMS study

In our previous studies we supported the claim that the motor theory is modulated by task load. Motoric participation in phonological processing increases from speech perception to speech production, with the endpoints of the dorsal stream having changing and complementary weightings for processing: the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) being increasingly relevant and the left superior temporal gyrus (LSTG) being decreasingly relevant. Our previous results for neurostimulation of the LIFG support this model. In this study we investigated whether our claim that the motor theory is modulated by task load holds in (frontal) aphasia. Person(s) with aphasia (PWA) after stroke typically have damage on brain areas responsible for phonological processing. They may present variable patterns of recovery and, consequently, variable strategies of phonological processing. Here these strategies were investigated in two PWA with simultaneous fMRI and tDCS of the LIFG during speech perception and speech production tasks. Anodal tDCS excitation and cathodal tDCS inhibition should increase with the relevance of the target for the task. Cathodal tDCS over a target of low relevance could also induce compensation by the remaining nodes. Responses of PWA to tDCS would further depend on their pattern of recovery. Responses would depend on the responsiveness of the perilesional area, and could be weaker than in controls due to an overall hypoactivation of the cortex. Results suggest that the analysis of motor codes for articulation during phonological processing remains in frontal aphasia and that tDCS is a promising diagnostic tool to investigate the individual processing strategies.

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Role of left superior temporal gyrus during name recall process: An event-related fMRI study

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 1142-1153 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sho Yagishita ◽

Takamitsu Watanabe ◽

Tomoki Asari ◽

Hiroshi Ito ◽

Motoichiro Kato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Fmri Study

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The Causal Role of Left and Right Superior Temporal Gyri in Speech Perception in Noise: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_01521 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 1092-1103 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dan Kennedy-Higgins ◽

Joseph T. Devlin ◽

Helen E. Nuttall ◽

Patti Adank

Keyword(s):

Speech Perception ◽

Side Effects ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Language Processing ◽

Background Noise ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Left Temporal Lobe ◽

Neural Organization ◽

Left And Right ◽

Listening Strategies

Successful perception of speech in everyday listening conditions requires effective listening strategies to overcome common acoustic distortions, such as background noise. Convergent evidence from neuroimaging and clinical studies identify activation within the temporal lobes as key to successful speech perception. However, current neurobiological models disagree on whether the left temporal lobe is sufficient for successful speech perception or whether bilateral processing is required. We addressed this issue using TMS to selectively disrupt processing in either the left or right superior temporal gyrus (STG) of healthy participants to test whether the left temporal lobe is sufficient or whether both left and right STG are essential. Participants repeated keywords from sentences presented in background noise in a speech reception threshold task while receiving online repetitive TMS separately to the left STG, right STG, or vertex or while receiving no TMS. Results show an equal drop in performance following application of TMS to either left or right STG during the task. A separate group of participants performed a visual discrimination threshold task to control for the confounding side effects of TMS. Results show no effect of TMS on the control task, supporting the notion that the results of Experiment 1 can be attributed to modulation of cortical functioning in STG rather than to side effects associated with online TMS. These results indicate that successful speech perception in everyday listening conditions requires both left and right STG and thus have ramifications for our understanding of the neural organization of spoken language processing.

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The Role of TFS in Speech Perception

Auditory Processing of Temporal Fine Structure ◽

10.1142/9789814579667_0004 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 81-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Speech Perception

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Multisensory Integration during Short-term Music Reading Training Enhances Both Uni- and Multisensory Cortical Processing

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_00620 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 2224-2238 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Evangelos Paraskevopoulos ◽

Anja Kuchenbuch ◽

Sibylle C. Herholz ◽

Christo Pantev

Keyword(s):

Multisensory Integration ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Music Reading ◽

Short Term ◽

Visual Elements ◽

Human Ability ◽

Cortical Responses ◽

Anterior Prefrontal Cortex

The human ability to integrate the input of several sensory systems is essential for building a meaningful interpretation out of the complexity of the environment. Training studies have shown that the involvement of multiple senses during training enhances neuroplasticity, but it is not clear to what extent integration of the senses during training is required for the observed effects. This study intended to elucidate the differential contributions of uni- and multisensory elements of music reading training in the resulting plasticity of abstract audiovisual incongruency identification. We used magnetoencephalography to measure the pre- and posttraining cortical responses of two randomly assigned groups of participants that followed either an audiovisual music reading training that required multisensory integration (AV-Int group) or a unisensory training that had separate auditory and visual elements (AV-Sep group). Results revealed a network of frontal generators for the abstract audiovisual incongruency response, confirming previous findings, and indicated the central role of anterior prefrontal cortex in this process. Differential neuroplastic effects of the two types of training in frontal and temporal regions point to the crucial role of multisensory integration occurring during training. Moreover, a comparison of the posttraining cortical responses of both groups to a group of musicians that were tested using the same paradigm revealed that long-term music training leads to significantly greater responses than the short-term training of the AV-Int group in anterior prefrontal regions as well as to significantly greater responses than both short-term training protocols in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG).

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