Edge effects on nesting success of cavity-nesting birds in fragmented forests

2005 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Hong Deng ◽  
Wei Gao
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 12436-12445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Simanonok ◽  
Laura A. Burkle

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Laurance

Research during the past decade in the wet tropics region of Queensland has yielded important insights into the responses of rainforest mammals to habitat fragmentation. These findings are synthesised by assessing key processes in fragmented landscapes, such as nonrandom deforestation patterns, edge effects, dramatic shifts in predator assemblages, and the kinetics of local extinction. Studies aimed at identifying ecological traits that affect the vulnerability of mammal populations in fragmented forests are also reviewed. Collectively, these investigations suggest that the composition and dynamics of fragment biotas are strongly influenced by edge effects and by the matrix of modified habitats surrounding fragments. Some implications of these findings for the management of fragmented landscapes are considered.


1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Anders Esseen ◽  
Karl-Erik Renhorn

The Auk ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Manolis ◽  
David E. Andersen ◽  
Francesca J. Cuthbert

Abstract Forest fragmentation has been implicated as a cause of population declines of several Neotropical migrant bird species. Fragmentation increases the amount of habitat edge, and reduced nesting success rates near forest edges are well documented in agricultural landscapes (“edge effects”). However, edge effects in predominantly forested landscapes, particularly those related to timber harvest, are poorly understood. This study examines nesting success of ground nesting birds in relation to clearcut edges in a forest-dominated landscape in north-central Minnesota. A total of 383 nests of seven species of ground nesting birds were found and monitored during 1992–1998. Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilus; n = 318) and Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus; n = 44) nests composed the majority of the sample. Predation accounted for 94% of all nest failures. Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism was low (1.8% for all ground nests). Using proportional hazards regression, distance to nearest clearcut edge was the best predictor of nest failure. For all ground nests, nesting success was 0.18 at 0–100 m, 0.39 at 101–500 m, and 0.52 at 501–954 m from nearest clearcut edge. Source–sink modeling indicated that distances ≤100 m from clearcut edges were sink habitats for Ovenbirds (i.e. recruitment was lower than survival). These results provide strong evidence of a negative edge effect on ground nests, extending 100 m or more from clearcut edges in a forest-dominated area of north-central Minnesota.


The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiken Winter ◽  
Douglas H. Johnson ◽  
John Faaborg

Abstract We tested how edges affect nest survival and predator distribution in a native tallgrass prairie system in southwestern Missouri using artificial nests, natural nests of Dickcissels (Spiza americana) and Henslow's Sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii), and mammal track stations. Survival of artificial nests was lower within 30 m of forest edge. Nesting success of Dickcissels and Henslow's Sparrows was lower within 50 m to a shrubby edge than at greater distances, whereas fates of nests were not related to distances to roads, agricultural fields, or forests. Evidence from clay eggs placed in artificial nests indicated that mid-sized carnivores were the major predators within 30 m of forest edges. Furthermore, mid-sized carnivores visited track stations most frequently within 50 m of forest edges. Because proximity of woody habitat explained more variation in nest survival and mammal activity than did fragment size, it appears that edge effects were more pronounced than area effects. Edge effects appeared to be caused mainly by greater exposure of nests to mid-sized carnivores. We argue that, based on edge avoidance behavior, “grassland-interior” species such as the Henslow's Sparrow respond to edge effects mainly by a decrease in density, whereas habitat generalists such as the Dickcissel are affected mainly by a decrease in nesting success.


The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Evans ◽  
David B. Lank ◽  
W. Sean Boyd ◽  
Fred Cooke

Abstract Barrow's Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica) and Bufflehead (B. albeola) are cavity-nesting waterfowl that have received considerable attention in studies using nest boxes, but little is known about their nesting ecology in natural cavities. We found larger clutch size, lower nesting success, and different major predators for Barrow's Goldeneyes nesting in boxes versus those nesting in natural cavities, but few differences for Bufflehead. These differences are attributed to the location and physical differences between Barrow's Goldeneye nest boxes and natural cavities that affect their conspicuousness to predators and conspecific nest-parasitizing females. Goldeneye boxes were concentrated in highly visible locations such as trees at water or forest edge. Natural cavity nests, on the other hand, were often abandoned Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) cavities, which were more dispersed throughout the forest interior and concealed under dense canopy cover. Bufflehead natural cavity nests were typically closer to edges, which may account for their similarity with boxes. We conclude that in some respects, studies of Barrow's Goldeneye that use nest boxes may not be representative of birds nesting in natural cavities, whereas those of Bufflehead are more likely to be so. Comparación de la Ecología de Nidificación de Bucephala islandica y B. albeola en Nidos Artificiales y en Cavidades Naturales Resumen. Los especies de patos Bucephala islandica y B. albeola anidan en cavidades, por lo que con frecuencia han sido estudiadas usando nidos articificales, pero poco se conoce sobre su ecología de nidificación en cavidades naturales. Los individuos de B. islandica que anidan en nidos artificiales presentaron nidadas más grandes, menor éxito reproductivo y distintos depredadores que los individuos que anidan en cavidades naturales, pero detectamos pocas diferencias para B. albeola. Estas diferencias son atribuidas a la ubicación y a las diferencias físicas entre los nidos artificiales y las cavidades naturales de B. islandica que afectan su visibilidad para deprededores y hembras coespecíficas que parasitan los nidos. Los nidos artificiales de B. islandica estuvieron concentrados en lugares muy visibles como árboles al borde del bosque o a la orilla del agua. Por el contrario, las cavidades naturales frecuentemente fueron cavidades abandonadas de Dryocopus pileatus, las cuales se presentaron más dispersas por el interior del bosque y ocultas bajo un dosel denso. Las cavidades naturales de B. albeola se ubicaron típicamente más cerca del borde, lo que tal vez explica la semejanza con los nidos artificiales. Concluimos que en algunos casos, los estudios de B. islandica que utilizan nidos artificiales pueden no ser representativos de individuos que anidan en cavidades naturales, mientras que los estudios de B. albeola probablemente sí sean más representativos.


1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Anders Esseen ◽  
Karl-Erik Renhorn

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