Manipulation of parasitoid state influences host exploitation by Diadromus pulchellus Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Despite their simplicity, viruses can display social-like interactions such as cooperation, communication, and cheating. Focusing on bacteriophages, here we review features including viral product sharing, cooperative evasion of antiviral defenses, prudent host exploitation, superinfection exclusion, and inter-phage peptide-mediated signaling. We argue that, in order to achieve a better understanding of these processes, their mechanisms of action need to be considered in the context of social evolution theory, paying special attention to key population-level factors such as genetic relatedness and spatial structure.

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Identification of leek-moth and diamondback-moth frass volatiles that stimulate parasitoid,Diadromus pulchellus

Journal of Chemical Ecology ◽

10.1007/bf01014838 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 1391-1398 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Jacques Auger ◽

Chantal Lecomte ◽

Jacky Paris ◽

Eric Thibout

Keyword(s):

Diamondback Moth ◽

Diadromus Pulchellus ◽

Leek Moth

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Etude olfactométrique de l'action de diverses substances allélochimiques végétales dans la recherche de l'hote par Diadromus pulchellus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata ◽

10.1111/j.1570-7458.1984.tb03395.x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 295-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

C. Lecomte ◽

E. Thibout

Keyword(s):

Diadromus Pulchellus ◽

Recherche De L'hôte

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Hooked on you: shape of attachment structures in cymothoid isopods reflects parasitic strategy

BMC Evolutionary Biology ◽

10.1186/s12862-019-1533-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charles Baillie ◽

Rachel L. Welicky ◽

Kerry A. Hadfield ◽

Nico J. Smit ◽

Stefano Mariani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Least Squares ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Parasite Ecology ◽

Attachment Structures ◽

Main Driver ◽

Shared Ancestry ◽

Host Exploitation

Abstract Background Parasite attachment structures are critical traits that influence effective host exploitation and survival. Morphology of attachment structures can reinforce host specificity and niche specialisation, or even enable host switching. Therefore, it is important to understand the determinants of variation in attachment structures. Cymothoid isopods are striking ectoparasites of fishes that include the infamous ‘tongue-biters.’ They are known to parasitise hosts in one of four qualitatively distinct anatomical regions. Here, we quantify variation in cymothoid attachment structures — hook-like appendages called dactyli — and test whether differences in dactylus shape are correlated with parasite mode (where they attach), allometry, or both, using multivariate ordinary least squares regression. We also assess the influence of shared ancestry on shape using a molecular phylogeny to weight our models using phylogenetic generalised least squares regression. Results We find clear differences in shape between externally-attaching and internally-attaching cymothoids but also between anterior and posterior dactyli across various species with the same attachment mode. Allometric effects are significant for anterior but not posterior dactyli. Mouth-attaching species show greater shape variability than gill- and mouth-attaching species. We find no evidence that there are clade-specific patterns of association between parasite mode and dactylus shape. Conclusions Parasite mode appears to be the main driver of attachment morphology. This likely reflects several components of parasite ecology including feeding and functional demands of attachment in different microhabitats. Geometric morphometric approaches to the quantification of shape variation of simple structures is an effective tool that provides new insights into the evolvability of parasite attachment.

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