“Radiological morphometric analysis of the zygomatic arch: Application of osteosynthesis on the upper arch border for rigid fixation”

Following nasal fractures, zygomatic fractures (ZF) are the second most prevalent of maxillofacial fractures. Isolated fractures of the zygomatic arch (IZAF) are rare, corresponding to less than 10% of all fractures involving the zygomatic-maxillary complex (ZMC). The choice of treatment for IZAF is controversial, and there is no defined consensus in the literature. We seek to evaluate the advantages of closed reductions with minimal accesses over open reductions through a case series and a 10-year literature review. All patients in our study obtained a satisfactory final result in terms of aesthetics and function of the zygomatic arch, with no complications involved. There are criteria established in the current literature on the indication of open surgery or closed reduction. Open reduction with rigid fixation has the most significant number of studies proving its clinical efficacy. However, closed reduction with minimal accesses has proven to be a suitable therapeutic option for IZAF, presenting satisfactory aesthetic results and fewer surgical risks.

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Rigid fixation and strain patterns in the pig zygomatic arch and suture

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

10.1016/s0278-2391(97)90702-3 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 504-505

Author(s):

Paul C Dechow

Keyword(s):

Zygomatic Arch ◽

Rigid Fixation

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Poster 76: Radiological Study of the Dimensions of the Zygomatic Arch for Rigid Fixation Tangentially

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.joms.2011.06.176 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 69 (9) ◽

pp. e96-e97

Author(s):

B. Lee

Keyword(s):

Zygomatic Arch ◽

Rigid Fixation ◽

Radiological Study

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Use of Percutaneous Access via Combination of Transconjunctival and Lateral Canthotomy Approach for Rigid Fixation and Reconstruction of the Unstable Zygomatic Arch

Trauma Monthly ◽

10.5812/traumamon.38058 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hamed Kermani ◽

Reza Tabrizi ◽

Alireza Pournab

Keyword(s):

Zygomatic Arch ◽

Rigid Fixation ◽

Percutaneous Access ◽

Lateral Canthotomy

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C2 Crossing Laminar Screws: Cadaveric Morphometric Analysis

Operative Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/01.neu.0000219900.24467.32 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 59 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. ONS-84-ONS-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Michael Y. Wang

Keyword(s):

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Rigid Fixation ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Screw Length ◽

Entry Points ◽

Vascular Structures ◽

C2 Laminar Screw

Abstract OBJECTIVE: C2 screw fixation through the pars or pedicle involves a small but finite risk of vertebral artery injury. Recently, C2 crossing laminar screws were described as a method for rigid fixation of the axis. This technique, confined to the dorsal aspect of C2, presents minimal chance of injury to the neighboring neural or vascular structures. METHODS: Morphometric analysis was performed on 38 cadaveric spines obtained from the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California. Critical measurements were determined for screw entry points, trajectories, and lengths for application of the technique, as described by Wright, using 3.5 and 4.0 mm screws. RESULTS: The average maximal screw length was 32 mm with a range of 27 to 37 mm. The minimal total laminar cross sectional area averaged 75 mm2, and the cancellous bone cross sectional area averaged 39 mm2. The minimal laminar cross sectional diameter was determined to be too small to accommodate a 3.5-mm diameter screw, assuming a 1 mm tolerance on each side, in 16 sides of 14 specimens, and to be too small to accommodate a 4.0 mm diameter screw, assuming a 1 millimeter tolerance, in 32 sides of 18 specimens. CONCLUSION: C2 laminar screw placement is straightforward and carries little risk of injury to the neural and vascular structures as long as the implants remain intraosseous. However, the highly variable thickness of the C2 lamina necessitates preoperative computed tomographic scanning to ensure that the patient's anatomy can accommodate screws entirely within the bone.

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Rigid fixation and strain patterns in the pig zygomatic arch and suture

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

10.1016/s0278-2391(97)90701-1 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 496-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

John A Freeman ◽

Shengyi Teng ◽

Susan W Herring

Keyword(s):

Zygomatic Arch ◽

Rigid Fixation

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Morphometric Analysis of the Hepatocytes from Fish Exposed to Arsenic

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100091391 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 282-283

Author(s):

Elsie M. B. Sorensen

Keyword(s):

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Arsenic Concentration ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Sodium Arsenate ◽

Lepomis Cyanellus ◽

Mammalian Counterpart ◽

Intracellular Changes ◽

Green Sunfish ◽

Organic Pesticides

The detoxification capacity of the liver is well documented for a variety of substances including ethanol, organic pesticides, drugs, and metals. The piscean liver, although less enzymatically active than the mammalian counterpart (1), contains endoplasmic reticulum with an impressive repertoire of oxidizing, reducing, and conjugating abilities (2). Histopathologic changes are kncwn to occur in fish hepatocytes following in vivo exposure to arsenic (3); however, ultrastructural changes have not been reported. This study involved the morphometric analysis of intracellular changes in fish parynchymal hepatocytes and correlation with arsenic concentration in the liver.Green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus, R.) were exposed to 0, 30, or 60 ppm arsenic (as sodium arsenate) at 20°C for 1, 2, or 3 week intervals before removal of livers for quantification of the arsenic burden (using neutron activation analysis) and morphometric analysis of ultrastructural alterations. Livers were cut into 1 mm cubes for fixation, dehydration, and embedding.

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