scholarly journals Threat processing in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Evidence from a modified negative priming task

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Amir ◽  
Michelle Cobb ◽  
Amanda S. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Negative Priming ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Threat Processing

COGNITIVE INHIBITION IN OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER: APPLICATION OF A VALENCE-BASED NEGATIVE PRIMING PARADIGM

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. McNally ◽  
Sabine Wilhelm ◽  
Ulrike Buhlmann ◽  
Lisa M. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Negative Priming ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Cognitive Inhibition ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Deficits ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Healthy Control

We used a negative priming paradigm to test for deficits in cognitive inhibition in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and to examine whether they exhibit greater inhibitory deficits when lexical targets are threat-related than when they are neutral. The results indicated that OCD patients, relative to healthy control participants, exhibited only marginally significant (p < .10) deficits in negative priming at short (100 ms), but not long (500 ms), stimulus onset asynchronies. There was no evidence that OCD patients exhibited disproportionate difficulty inhibiting negative words, nor was there any evidence that negative priming deficits differed between OCD checkers and OCD noncheckers.

Different negative priming impairments in schizophrenia and subgroups of obsessive–compulsive disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. HOENIG ◽  
A. HOCHREIN ◽  
D. J. MÜLLER ◽  
M. WAGNER
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Negative Priming ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cardinal Numbers ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Stimulus Identity ◽  
Inhibitory Functioning ◽  
Normal Controls

Background. Inhibitory functioning is assumed to be deficient in some psychiatric disorders, most notably in patients with schizophrenia and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In order to investigate inhibitory functioning, priming tasks are commonly used. The present paradigm offers the opportunity to isolate specific distractor features (identity, location) for independent examination.Methods. Negative priming (NP) for stimulus identity and location was examined in patients with schizophrenia (N = 16), patients with OCD (N = 15) and matched controls (N = 16). All groups performed a referent size-selection task in which they were instructed successively to select the larger one of two cardinal numbers. The deeper processing of both stimuli was expected to yield large NP effects that allow the detection of subtle group differences.Results. Large NP effects were found for stimulus identity in all three groups. Schizophrenic patients differed from normal controls with respect to the amount of incidental location priming. Subgroup analyses of OCD patients showed NP impairments for checkers when the response–stimulus interval (RSI) was short, but large identity NP when the RSI was long. OCD non-checkers showed normal NP patterns with short RSI, but reduced identity NP with longer RSI.Conclusions. Schizophrenic patients do not show the ability to use spatial selective attention in order to guide their actions as shown by normal controls. Information processing was differentially impaired in OCD subgroups (checkers and non-checkers) dependent on RSI variation. This result supports those studies that found reduced NP in OCD patients and points to the necessity of differential subgroup studies.

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