Center for clinical studies in a surgical department—An approach for more evidence-based medicine

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph M. Seiler ◽  
Moritz N. Wente ◽  
Markus K. Diener ◽  
Boris E. Fröhlich ◽  
Markus W. Büchler ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
N. A. Kolesnyk ◽  
S. P. Fomina ◽  
V. N. Nepomnyashchy

The basic features of different clinical studies types and their hierarchy considering strength of the evidence were considered. The quality assessment examples of information in medicine and data presentation options to form of evidence were presented. The role of a clinician as a participant in evidence process was underlined.


2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Ulrich Ronellenfitsch ◽  
Adrian Loerbroks ◽  
Matthias Schwarzbach

Objective: To explore effects of the implementation of clinical pathways (CPs) on hierarchical structures within a surgical department. Summary of background data: CPs are care plans stipulating diagnostic and therapeutic measures along a time axis for a given condition or procedure. They are widely used in surgery. There is limited evidence to what extent CP implementation has an effect on hierarchical structures within surgical departments. Methods: Semistructured individual interviews were conducted with key members of a CP project team in a large academic surgery department. Interviews were carried out by an external researcher to increase the likelihood of obtaining unbiased opinions. Using an interview guide, it was ensured that respondents provided opinions on various issues related to CP implementation, including hierarchical relationships within the department, but also between caregivers and patients. The transcribed text was independently content analyzed by 2 researchers who converged their findings. Results: Clinical pathway implementation changed perceived surgical hierarchy from a top-down to a participatory approach. However, it was acknowledged that some form of hierarchy is required to ensure successful clinical pathway implementation. Respondents felt that clinical pathways changed surgical culture from a largely eminence-based to more evidence-based medicine. Conclusions: The implementation of CPs potentially affects several dimensions of surgical hierarchy. It changes “traditional” surgical hierarchy and is associated with perception of increased autonomy and competency in junior staff. The clinical approach appears to shift from eminence- to evidence-based medicine. The knowledge about these changes is important for carrying out CP projects in surgery.


2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Moroz ◽  
I. O. Zaks ◽  
Yu. A. Gryzunov

Praxis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (34) ◽  
pp. 1352-1356
Author(s):  
Harder ◽  
Blum

Cholangiokarzinome oder cholangiozelluläre Karzinome (CCC) sind seltene Tumoren des biliären Systems mit einer Inzidenz von 2–4/100000 pro Jahr. Zu ihnen zählen die perihilären Gallengangskarzinome (Klatskin-Tumore), mit ca. 60% das häufigste CCC, die peripheren (intrahepatischen) Cholangiokarzinome, das Gallenblasenkarzinom, die Karzinome der extrahepatischen Gallengänge und das periampulläre Karzinom. Zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose ist nur bei etwa 20% eine chirurgische Resektion als einzige kurative Therapieoption möglich. Die Lebertransplantation ist wegen der hohen Rezidivrate derzeit nicht indiziert. Die Prognose von nicht resektablen Cholangiokarzinomen ist mit einer mittleren Überlebenszeit von sechs bis acht Monaten schlecht. Eine wirksame Therapie zur Verlängerung der Überlebenszeit existiert aktuell nicht. Die wichtigste Massnahme im Rahmen der «best supportive care» ist die Beseitigung der Cholestase (endoskopisch, perkutan oder chirurgisch), um einer Cholangitis oder Cholangiosepsis vorzubeugen. Durch eine systemische Chemotherapie lassen sich Ansprechraten von ca. 20% erreichen. 5-FU und Gemcitabine sind die derzeit am häufigsten eingesetzten Substanzen, die mit einer perkutanen oder endoluminalen Bestrahlung kombiniert werden können. Multimodale Therapiekonzepte können im Einzellfall erfolgreich sein, müssen jedoch erst in Evidence-Based-Medicine-gerechten Studien evaluiert werden, bevor Therapieempfehlungen für die Praxis formuliert werden können.


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