scholarly journals Darwin: Towards the sustainability of the Larrikin of Australian capital cities

Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 103457
Author(s):  
Godwin Kavaarpuo ◽  
Nana Yaw Oppong-Yeboah ◽  
Ana Vuin
Keyword(s):  
Capital Cities ◽  
Australian Capital

scholarly journals A Case Study on Reliability, Water Demand and Economic Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting in Australian Capital Cities

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2606
Author(s):  
Preeti Preeti ◽  
Ataur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Australian Capital ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Roof Area ◽  
Daily Water

This paper presents reliability, water demand and economic analysis of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems for eight Australian capital cities (Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Darwin, Hobart, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney). A Python-based tool is developed based on a daily water balance modelling approach, which uses input data such as daily rainfall, roof area, overflow losses, daily water demand and first flush. Ten different tank volumes are considered (1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 75 and 100 m3). It is found that for a large roof area and tank size, the reliability of RWH systems for toilet and laundry use is high, in the range of 80–100%. However, the reliability for irrigation use is highly variable across all the locations. For combined use, Adelaide shows the smallest reliability (38–49%), while Hobart demonstrates the highest reliability (61–77%). Furthermore, economic analysis demonstrates that in a few cases, benefit–cost ratio values greater than one can be achieved for the RWH systems. The findings of this study will help the Australian Federal Government to enhance RWH policy, programs and subsidy levels considering climate-sensitive inputs in the respective cities.

scholarly journals Large seasonal and diurnal anthropogenic heat flux across four Australian cities

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
S. Chapman ◽  
J.E.M. Watson ◽  
C.A. McAlpine
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Australian Capital ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

Anthropogenic heat release is a key component of the urban heat island. However, it is often excluded from studies of the urban heat island because reliable estimates are not available. This omission is important because anthropogenic heat can contribute up to 4ºC to the urban heat island, and increases heat stress to urban residents. The exclusion of anthropogenic heat means the urban heat island effect on temperatures may be under-estimated. Here we estimate anthropogenic heat for four Australian capital cities (Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide) to inform the management of the urban heat island in a changing climate. Anthropogenic heat release was calculated using 2011 population census data and an inventory of hourly traffic volume, building electricity and gas use. Melbourne had the highest annual daily average anthropogenic heat emissions, which reached 376 W/m2in the city centre during the daytime, while Brisbane’s emissions were 261 W/m2 and Sydney’s were 256W/m2. Adelaide had the lowest emissions, with a daily average of 39 W/m2 in the city centre. Emissions varied within and among the four cities and decreased rapidly with distance from the city centre, to 2 at 20 km from the city in Brisbane, and 15 km in Adelaide. The highest emissions were found in the city centres during working hours. The peak emissions reached in the centre of Melbourne are similar to the peak emissions in London and Tokyo, where anthropogenic heat is a large component of the urban heat island. This indicates that anthropogenic heat could be an important contributor to the urban heat island in Australian capital cities, and needs to be considered in climate adaptation studies. This is an important problem because climate change, combined with an ageing population and urban growth, could double the deaths from heatwaves in Australian cities over the next 40 years.

Travel to Work in Australian Capital Cities, 1976–2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Mees ◽  
Genevieve O'Connell ◽  
John Stone
Keyword(s):  
Capital Cities ◽  
Australian Capital
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