scholarly journals Extracellular Signals Responsible for Spatially Regulated Proliferation in the Differentiating Drosophila Eye

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy C. Firth ◽  
Nicholas E. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Signals ◽  
Drosophila Eye

The complex network of mTOR signalling in the heart

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiano Sciarretta ◽  
Maurizio Forte ◽  
Giacomo Frati ◽  
Junichi Sadoshima
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Extracellular Signals ◽  
Mtorc1 Activation ◽  
Mtor Modulation ◽  
Mtor Signalling

Abstract The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) integrates several intracellular and extracellular signals involved in the regulation of anabolic and catabolic processes. mTOR assembles into two macromolecular complexes, named mTORC1 and mTORC2, which have different regulators, substrates and functions. Studies of gain- and loss-of-function animal models of mTOR signalling revealed that mTORC1/2 elicits both adaptive and maladaptive functions in the cardiovascular system. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 are indispensable for driving cardiac development and cardiac adaption to stress, such as pressure overload. However, persistent and deregulated mTORC1 activation in the heart is detrimental during stress and contributes to the development and progression of cardiac remodelling and genetic and metabolic cardiomyopathies. In this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the role of mTOR in the cardiovascular system, both under basal conditions and during stress, such as pressure overload, ischemia, and metabolic stress. Current data suggest that mTOR modulation may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiac diseases.

Neurotrophins Require Distinct Extracellular Signals to Promote the Survival of CNS Neurons in Vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Franke ◽  
Nadhim Bayatti ◽  
Jürgen Engele
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Signals ◽  
Cns Neurons
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