Nitrogen-doped carbon with high nitrogen content was prepared from rice straw through a three-step process, including hydrothermal, freeze drying and heat-treatment in NH3, and was used as a high-efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalyst in MFCs.
An Fe, N, P co-doped carbon framework catalyst (CPFeNPC) with a novel C–P–Fe–Nx–P–C system exhibits superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic performance and shines new light on the real application of metal–N–C catalysts in fuel cells.