This chapter emphasizes various clues apparent from the patient’s history and physical examination. Observation of how a patient walks, talks, and undresses is discussed as a means of discerning clues to a diagnosis. Miscellaneous aspects of the history, particularly sensory symptoms, such as tingling in the hands, feet, and face, shooting leg pains, and neuropathy are described, and clues to psychogenic disorder are elaborated. Also emphasized is the value of inspecting the limbs, skin, and joints. Shortcuts are listed for the traditional physical motor examination, which involves tone, power, coordination, muscle stretch reflexes, and Babinski response. Shortcuts are also described for the sensory examination, using joint position sense, vibration sense, and sensory loss. The chapter concludes with an outline of how to analyze coma.