Chickenpox is caused by varicella-zoster virus and is predominantly a self-limiting disease of childhood. Chickenpox in adults is more likely to be associated with complications such as varicella pneumonia. Treatment with antivirals is helpful in adults if given early after the onset of rash in uncomplicated disease. In complicated disease such as pneumonia, intravenous treatment is essential to optimize drug levels although an evidence base for this is lacking. Exposure to varicella during pregnancy is a particular concern for non-immune women and passive immunization with varicella immune globulin is indicated.
Adjuvant treatment of severe varicella pneumonia with intravenous varicella zoster virus-specific immunoglobulins