The relationship between hope and post-traumatic stress disorder in Chinese shidu parents: The mediating role of perceived stress

Background ICD-11 includes a new diagnosis of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), resulting predominantly from reoccurring or prolonged trauma. Previous studies showed that lack of social support is among the strongest predictors of PTSD, but social factors have been sparsely studied in the context of the ICD-11 definition of PTSD and CPTSD. Aims To analyse the factor structure of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) in a Lithuanian clinical sample and to evaluate the mediating role of social and interpersonal factors in the relationship between trauma exposure and ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD. Method The sample comprised 280 adults from out-patient mental health centres (age, years: mean 39.48 (s.d. = 13.35); 77.5% female). Trauma-related stress symptoms were measured with the ITQ. Social disapproval was measured with the Social Acknowledgment Questionnaire (SAQ) and trauma disclosure using the Disclosure of Trauma Questionnaire (DTQ). Results ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD prevalence among the participants in this study was 13.9% and 10.0% respectively. Results indicated that avoidance of trauma disclosure mediated the relationship between trauma exposure and PTSD as well as CPTSD, whereas social disapproval mediated only the relationship between trauma exposure and CPTSD. Conclusions The findings suggest that disclosure of traumatic experiences and support from closest friends and family members might mitigate the effects of traumatic experiences, potentially reducing the risk of developing CPTSD.

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PTSD Symptomatology and Social Anxiety Among Retired Army Officers: Mediating Role of Internalized Shame

Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research ◽

10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.3.30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 559-575

Author(s):

Gulyana Shehzad ◽

Sadaf Ahsan ◽

Saadiya Abbasi

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Internalized Shame ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Army Officers ◽

Post Traumatic

The present study was conducted to analyze the mediating role of internalized shame in the relationship between post traumatic stress disorder symptoms and social anxiety among retired army officers. A sample of 200 male retired army officers aged 45-75 years with minimum education of 14 years was collected through purposive convenient sampling technique. Self-reported measures, including Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 (Weathers et al., 2013), Internalized Shame Scale (Cook & Coccimiglio, 2001), and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (Mattick & Clarke, 1998) were administered for data collection. Results yielded internalized shame and post traumatic stress disorder symptoms as significant positive predictors of social anxiety. Moreover, internalized shame significantly mediated the relationship between post traumatic stress disorder symptoms and social anxiety. The current study would help to enhance knowledge about the influence of traumas/ disasters on retired army officers and the subsequent problems that might emerge because of the existing problem, in turn affecting the positive post-traumatic growth.

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