Visual information search in simulated junction negotiation: Gaze transitions of young novice, young experienced and older experienced drivers

Purpose Visual Distinctive Language (VDL)-based iconic tags are structured visual information annotation. They explicate the content and organization of tagged information by graphical and symbolic features in order to improve the vocabulary problems of textual tags. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how these special icons help in tagged-based user information searching. Design/methodology/approach A two-stage experiment was designed and conducted so as to follow and quantify the searching process in specific searching target case and no specific searching target case when using VDL-based iconic tags. Findings The experimental results manifested that VDL-based iconic tags enhanced the role of tag in information searching. They could make user better understand tag clusters, which, in turn, provide global structure of involved topics. Also, VDL-based iconic tags helped user to find out searching target more quickly with higher accuracy by taking advantages of visual representation of tag categories and symbolic signification of tag content. Originality/value This study is one of the first to verify how structured icons work in information searching and how user’s graphical cognition impacts on tag-based information searching process. The research findings are dedicated to the theory of VDL-based iconic tags, as well as to a new visualization method for search user interface design.

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An Ergonomic Evaluation of the Effects of Veiling Reflection on the Human Visibility

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193120004402139 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 44 (21) ◽

pp. 3-501-3-501

Author(s):

Jae-Min Park ◽

Sang-Do Lee ◽

Young-Sook Kim

Keyword(s):

Information Search ◽

Visual Information ◽

Visual Target ◽

Subjective Evaluation ◽

Objective Evaluation ◽

Luminance Contrast ◽

Visual Sensitivity ◽

Working Environment ◽

Daily Newspapers ◽

Human Sensibility

Man perceive and react around him through the five senses. Also man give rise to the human sensibility and maintain his emotion. This study doesn't limit working environment to VDT environment, but considers the universal working environment acquiring information by eyesight stimulation. In this respect, designed and made is experimental equipment such as an external light for veiling reflection, visual target suggesting system, and visual target considered luminance contrast level. And reading the visual target is selected as work after excerpting the editorials from daily newspapers in Korean and Chinese letter and making target for experimental condition. In case of forming an abnormal veiling reflection we consider the form; a vertical (25%, 50%, 75%)and a horizontal (25%, 50%, 75%). The results from the subjective evaluation are analyzed by SD (Semantic Differential) methodology of 5 point scale for visibility and nuisance when an abnormal veiling reflection forms on target. In addition, the results of the objective evaluation are suggested by measuring and analyzing EEG (Electroencephalogram) of bio-signal for visual sensitivity. The results of this study can apply to basic data which create a guideline of a visual operation. In particular, it can be designed as an illumination environment concerning an ergonomic factor on visual operations, mental stress such as a visual inspection operation, visual information search operation, etc. As a result, we can expect to reduce the visual nuisance and contribute to the improvement of the performance and the uplift of the competitive power.

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Visual Information Systems. Web-Based Visual Information Search and Management

10.1007/978-3-540-85891-1 ◽

2008 ◽

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Information Search ◽

Visual Information ◽

Web Based ◽

Visual Information Systems

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Memory-based Decision-making with Heuristics: Evidence for a Controlled Activation of Memory Representations

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_00059 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 3540-3554 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Patrick H. Khader ◽

Thorsten Pachur ◽

Stefanie Meier ◽

Siegfried Bien ◽

Kerstin Jost ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Information Search ◽

Visual Information ◽

Memory Search ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Limited Information ◽

Term Memory ◽

Behavioral Studies ◽

Memory Representations

Many of our daily decisions are memory based, that is, the attribute information about the decision alternatives has to be recalled. Behavioral studies suggest that for such decisions we often use simple strategies (heuristics) that rely on controlled and limited information search. It is assumed that these heuristics simplify decision-making by activating long-term memory representations of only those attributes that are necessary for the decision. However, from behavioral studies alone, it is unclear whether using heuristics is indeed associated with limited memory search. The present study tested this assumption by monitoring the activation of specific long-term-memory representations with fMRI while participants made memory-based decisions using the “take-the-best” heuristic. For different decision trials, different numbers and types of information had to be retrieved and processed. The attributes consisted of visual information known to be represented in different parts of the posterior cortex. We found that the amount of information required for a decision was mirrored by a parametric activation of the dorsolateral PFC. Such a parametric pattern was also observed in all posterior areas, suggesting that activation was not limited to those attributes required for a decision. However, the posterior increases were systematically modulated by the relative importance of the information for making a decision. These findings suggest that memory-based decision-making is mediated by the dorsolateral PFC, which selectively controls posterior storage areas. In addition, the systematic modulations of the posterior activations indicate a selective boosting of activation of decision-relevant attributes.

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