Evaluation of thresholds for power mean-based and other divisor methods of apportionment

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Jones ◽  
Jennifer M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Power Mean ◽  
Divisor Methods

Gaussian ϕ(ρz) curves: Comparison with other models

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-193
Author(s):  
Alberto Riveros ◽  
Gustavo Castellano
Keyword(s):  
Good Description ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Incident Electron Energy ◽  
Power Mean ◽  
General Shape ◽  
Ionization Cross ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mass Absorption ◽  
Absorption Correction ◽  
Image Position

X ray characteristic intensity Ii , emerging from element i in a bulk sample irradiated with an electron beam may be obtained throughwhere the function ϕi(ρz) is the distribution of ionizations for element i with the mass depth ρz, ψ is the take-off angle and μi the mass absorption coefficient to the radiation of element i.A number of models has been proposed for ϕ(ρz), involving several features concerning the interaction of electrons with matter, e.g. ionization cross section, stopping power, mean ionization potential, electron backscattering, mass absorption coefficients (MAC’s). Several expressions have been developed for these parameters, on which the accuracy of the correction procedures depends.A great number of experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations show that the general shape of ϕ(ρz) curves remains substantially the same when changing the incident electron energy or the sample material. These variables appear in the parameters involved in the expressions for ϕ(ρz). A good description of this function will produce an adequate combined atomic number and absorption correction.

scholarly journals A note on two-term exponential sum and the reciprocal of the quartic Gauss sums

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenpeng Zhang ◽  
Xingxing Lv
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Sums ◽  
Exponential Sum ◽  
Gauss Sums ◽  
Power Mean ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Analytic Methods ◽  
Hybrid Power Mean

AbstractThe main purpose of this article is by using the properties of the fourth character modulo a prime p and the analytic methods to study the calculating problem of a certain hybrid power mean involving the two-term exponential sums and the reciprocal of quartic Gauss sums, and to give some interesting calculating formulae of them.

Transforming Family Resemblance Concepts into Fuzzy Sets

2021 ◽  
pp. 004912412098619
Author(s):  
Francesco Veri
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Family Resemblance ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Power Mean

This article aims to clarify fundamental aspects of the process of assigning fuzzy scores to conditions based on family resemblance (FR) structures by considering prototype and set theories. Prototype theory and set theory consider FR structures from two different angles. Specifically, set theory links the conceptualization of FR to the idea of sufficient and INUS (Insufficient but Necessary part of a condition, which is itself Unnecessary but Sufficient for the result) sets. In contrast, concept membership in prototype theory is strictly linked to the notion of similarity (or resemblance) in relation to the prototype, which is the anchor of the ideational content of the concept. After an introductive section where I elucidate set-theoretic and prototypical aspects of concept formation, I individuate the axiomatic properties that identify the principles of transforming FR structures into fuzzy sets. Finally, I propose an algorithm based on the power mean that is able to operationalize FR structures considering both set-theoretic and prototype theory perspectives.

scholarly journals On the Mean Values of Certain Character Sums

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Zhefeng Xu ◽  
Huaning Liu
Keyword(s):  
Character Sums ◽  
Fourth Power ◽  
Power Mean ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Asymptotic Formulae ◽  
Fourth Power Mean ◽  
The Mean

Letq≥5be an odd number. In this paper, we study the fourth power mean of certain character sums∑χmodq,χ-1=-1*∑1≤a≤q/4aχa4and∑χmodq,χ-1=1*∑1≤a≤q/4aχa4, where∑‍*denotes the summation over primitive characters moduloq, and give some asymptotic formulae.

ON THE GENERAL k-TH KLOOSTERMAN SUMS AND ITS FOURTH POWER MEAN

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONGYAN LIU ◽  
WENPENG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Kloosterman Sums ◽  
Fourth Power ◽  
Power Mean ◽  
Fourth Power Mean

scholarly journals The hybrid power mean of the generalized Gauss sums

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Wenpeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gauss Sums ◽  
Power Mean ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Hybrid Power Mean

scholarly journals The Weighted Arithmetic Mean–Geometric Mean Inequality is Equivalent to the Hölder Inequality

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongtao Li ◽  
Xian-Ming Gu ◽  
Jianxing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Hölder Inequality ◽  
Power Mean ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Mathematical Equivalence ◽  
Power Mean Inequality ◽  
Mathematical Relations

In the current note, we investigate the mathematical relations among the weighted arithmetic mean–geometric mean (AM–GM) inequality, the Hölder inequality and the weighted power-mean inequality. Meanwhile, the proofs of mathematical equivalence among the weighted AM–GM inequality, the weighted power-mean inequality and the Hölder inequality are fully achieved. The new results are more generalized than those of previous studies.

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