The one side selective synthesis of quinoline carboxylic acid oxime complex was carried out successfully. The as-prepared quinoline carboxylic acid oxime complex was complexed with nickel (II) salts to form nickel (II) oxime complex. These complexes were further adsorbed onto ZnO films containing ZnO nanoparticles of various sizes. ZnO films containing a diverse proportion of ZnO nanoparticles were investigated to enhance the photovoltaic efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell. The as-synthesized complex was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Ultra violet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy, 1Hydrogen Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR), Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Attenuated total reflection Infra-red spectroscopy (ATR-IR). The combination of large and small ZnO nanoparticles has significantly improves the photovoltaic efficiency. The optimum mixing ratio for the best performance (0.127%) of a dye-sensitized solar cell is achieved by mixing the small: large ZnO particles in a ratio 60:40. The increased efficiency is due to the harvesting of light caused by scattering effect from larger sized ZnO particles. The ZnO layer consisting of smaller particles which are very next to the ZnO bigger particles makes a good electronic contact between film electrode and the Indium-doped tin oxide glass substrate resulting in the increases in the dye molecules adsorption. The over-layered, large-sized ZnO particles enhance the light-harvesting by light scattering effect. Compared to the other mixtures of ZnO films, there is a decrease in the photovoltaic performance of the solar cell when ZnO particles (small and large in a ratio 1:1) were adsorbed onto the Ni (II) oxime complex, which are caused due to the decrease in the surface area and dye aggregation.
Synthesis, surface properties, crystal structure and dye-sensitized solar cell performance of TiO2 nanotube arrays anodized under different parameters