Creditor protection, shareholder protection and investment efficiency: New evidence

AbstractThis article is part of a larger international investigation of the effects of a country's legal origins on the style of business regulation. We employ an innovative ‘leximetric’ methodology to numerically code the protective strength of Australian corporate law for both shareholder and creditor protection for the period 1970 to 2010. This leximetric methodology has been used in a prominent international debate concerning the development of legal rules and the effects of different styles of regulation on a range of economic outcomes—the legal origins debate. Drawing on similar data compiled by Armour, Deakin, Lele and Siems in five other countries (France, Germany, India, the UK and the US) for the period 1970 to 2005, we compare changes in the level of protection afforded to Australian shareholders and creditors with developments in other countries. Our analysis finds that in Australia there was a sustained upward trend in shareholder protection, but not in the case of creditor protection. Compared to the five other countries, the level of protection afforded to shareholders under Australian law was relatively high, and this was the case for the level of protection afforded to creditors as well. We also examine the extent of convergence and divergence in shareholder and creditor protection among the countries in the study. We find persistent divergence in shareholder protection, with the extent of divergence in 2005 similar to that in 1970. For creditor protection, we find increasing divergence among the countries over the period of study. Our findings are not supportive of legal origins theory.

Download Full-text

Political Connections, Debt Restructuring, and Enterprise Investment: Evidence from China

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society ◽

10.1155/2020/5041768 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Xinlin Mo ◽

Jinglu Jiang

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Political Connections ◽

Investment Efficiency ◽

Political Connection ◽

Debt Restructuring ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

New Evidence ◽

Enterprise Investment

This paper shows that the link between debt restructuring and enterprise investment in emerging economies hinges critically on the political connections. Taking Chinese A-share listed enterprises from 2005 to 2016 as samples, we examine whether and how political connections affect the relationship between debt restructuring and enterprise investment based on the DID method. The results show that compared with nonpolitically connected enterprises, debt restructuring effectively improves the investment efficiency in enterprises with political ties, which is mainly due to alleviating the overinvestment and underinvestment. Furthermore, the positive effect of debt restructuring on investment is more prominent in enterprises with weak strength of political connection. It is worth noting that as the strength of political connection increases from weak to strong, the positive impact of debt restructuring on investment turns to negative impact, which reflects the heterogeneity of connection strength on the relation between debt restructuring and investment. This paper provides new evidence for understanding the investment behaviour of debt restructuring enterprises and provides some policy implications for managers and decision-makers intending to improve the investment efficiency and enhance the sustainable development of enterprises from the perspective of political connections.

Download Full-text

Groups of Companies

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743682.013.30 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Klaus J. Hopt

Keyword(s):

Creditor Protection ◽

Minority Shareholders ◽

Banking Competition ◽

Controlling Shareholder ◽

Controlling Shareholders ◽

Shareholder Protection ◽

International Convergence ◽

The Uk ◽

Regulatory Models ◽

Group Law

Groups of companies are common. The empirical data are heterogeneous. Agency problems arise between the controlling shareholder and the minority shareholders and between the shareholders and the creditors. Three regulatory models exist: regulation by general corporate and/or civil law (prototype: the UK); regulation by special group law (prototype: Germany); and regulation by areas of the law such as banking, competition, and tax. The main strategy is mandatory disclosure and group accounting. Related party transactions (including conflict of interest and tunneling) are dealt with by disclosure and consent requirements. In addition, appropriate standards for directors and controlling shareholders (corporate governance) have been developed. They become stricter, if insolvency is approaching. The concept of the shadow director extends liability to the controlling shareholder. Other mechanisms for creditor protection are indemnification, veil-piercing, subordination and substantive consolidation. A fair amount of international convergence exists as to shareholder protection, but not as to creditor protection.

Download Full-text

Political institutions and investor protection

Corporate Ownership and Control ◽

10.22495/cocv17i4siart11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4, Special Issue) ◽

pp. 339-352

Author(s):

Gabriel Geller ◽

Maria João Guedes

Keyword(s):

Political Theory ◽

Political Institutions ◽

Investor Protection ◽

Oecd Countries ◽

Minority Shareholder ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Creditor Protection ◽

Shareholder Protection ◽

Minority Shareholder Protection

This study examines how political institutions are associated with investor protection. Our results show that consensual political institutions have higher creditor protection but lower minority shareholder protection. Further, the system of government (parliamentary vs. presidential) and the level of democracy are the two dimensions of political institutions that best explain investor protection. The study presents some recommendations that add to the debate that shows that there is no single political theory or set of factors that fully explain the range of outcomes across OECD countries, and that looking to other dimensions of political institutions are useful to explain investor protection.

Download Full-text

Systematic effects in observed parallaxes

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100073887 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

R. B. Hanson

Keyword(s):

Error Estimates ◽

Zero Point ◽

Absolute Zero ◽

Apparent Magnitude ◽

Coherent System ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

General Catalogue ◽

Systematic Effects ◽

New Evidence ◽

Right Ascension

Several outstanding problems affecting the existing parallaxes should be resolved to form a coherent system for the new General Catalogue proposed by van Altena, as well as to improve luminosity calibrations and other parallax applications. Lutz has reviewed several of these problems, such as: (A) systematic differences between observatories, (B) external error estimates, (C) the absolute zero point, and (D) systematic observational effects (in right ascension, declination, apparent magnitude, etc.). Here we explore the use of cluster and spectroscopic parallaxes, and the distributions of observed parallaxes, to bring new evidence to bear on these classic problems. Several preliminary results have been obtained.

Download Full-text

MERLIN Finds New Evidence of Ranolazine Safety

Internal Medicine News ◽

10.1016/s1097-8690(07)70525-5 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (9) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

BRUCE JANCIN

Keyword(s):

New Evidence

Download Full-text

Vaccination for travellers – new evidence and recommendations

Therapeutische Umschau ◽

10.1024/0040-5930.58.6.362 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 362-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Matius P. Stürchler ◽

R. P. Steffen

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

New Evidence

Impfungen sind einfache und effektive Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung von Reisekrankheiten. Compliance-Probleme sind gering, da alle Impfungen noch vor Abreise verabreicht werden und bei manchen Impfungen nur eine Dosis für den zuverlässigen Schutz nötig ist. Für jeden Reisenden sind die Hepatitis A- und die Diphtherie-Tetanus-Impfung empfohlen, für Asien und Afrika auch die Polioimpfung. Bei Reisen >30 Tagen, jüngeren Personen und Reisenden mit Risikoverhalten sollte immer auch eine Hepatitis B-Impfung, eventuell als Kombination mit Hepatitis A in Betracht gezogen werden. Je nach Reisestil, -destination und -dauer können auch weitere Impfungen wie z.B. die Typhus-, Tollwut-, Zeckenenzephalitis-, Grippe-, Masern-Mumps-Röteln-, Gelbfieber-, Meningokokkenmeningitis- und die Japanische Enzephalitis-Impfung in Frage kommen. Mehrere Impfungen können gleichzeitig verabreicht werden – eine Staffelung ist nicht nötig. i BAG Supplementum VI, Stand Juli 2000 «Impfungen für Auslandreisende»; http://www.admin.ch/bag/infekt/prev/reisemed/index.htm; Safetravel http://www.safetravel.ch; Tropimed

Download Full-text