The CCR5 null genotype generation has been a main focus in the HIV gene therapy industry. The presence of the X4 tropic virus, mobilization of HSPCs, the quality of the cells for manipulation, and gene editing efficiency appear to be the main obstacles in translating this technique. Unintended off-target cleavage is a key problem in CRISPR/Cas9 editing. With the development of small molecule expansion methods for cord blood HSPC, it would be advantageous to modify CCR5 in cord blood cells and expand them for transplantation. The generation of engraftable HSPCS from iPSCs would be an ideal technique for HSCC gene therapy.The haplotype-characterized iPSC would be the donor for many patients, and it could be a commercially available product. The 32 C CR5 homozygous people had no elevated mortality risks according to whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome genotyping, according to CCR 5 positive people, and had no higher mortality risks compared to those who were HIV positive. Recent advances in gene editing, such as non-viral delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoproteins, incorporation of a 3X-nuclear localization signal into spCas9, and use of HiFi Cas9 with chemically modified sgRNAs, can be combined with recent advances in transplantation. Infusing modest doses of gene modified primitive HSPC fractions indicated by CD34 + CD90 + CD45RA-, which can engraft better, is another option for lowering the cost of gene therapy.
Gene therapy strategies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: recent advances, current challenges, and future directions
