In order to successfully allow for healing, proper wound assessment and planning are of paramount importance. Proper wound closure relies on the optimization of patient and wound characteristics. Factors such as a patient’s age, nutritional status, medical history, medications, and current or previous therapeutic interventions all require consideration. In addition, wound characteristics such as size, shape, contamination, drainage, and odor must also be considered. This chapter will review important principles in wound assessment, patient optimization, and techniques for primary closure. Adjuncts of tissue expansion, dermal substitutes, and negative pressure wound therapy will also be covered briefly.