Bursting phenomena as well as the bifurcation mechanism in controlled Lorenz oscillator with two time scales

2011 ◽  
Vol 375 (8) ◽  
pp. 1183-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinsheng Bi ◽  
Zhengdi Zhang





2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1453-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghong Li ◽  
Jufeng Chen ◽  
Jingyu Hou ◽  
Dawei Zuo




Author(s):  
James B. Pawley

Past: In 1960 Thornley published the first description of SEM studies carried out at low beam voltage (LVSEM, 1-5 kV). The aim was to reduce charging on insulators but increased contrast and difficulties with low beam current and frozen biological specimens were also noted. These disadvantages prevented widespread use of LVSEM except by a few enthusiasts such as Boyde. An exception was its use in connection with studies in which biological specimens were dissected in the SEM as this process destroyed the conducting films and produced charging unless LVSEM was used.In the 1980’s field emission (FE) SEM’s came into more common use. The high brightness and smaller energy spread characteristic of the FE-SEM’s greatly reduced the practical resolution penalty associated with LVSEM and the number of investigators taking advantage of the technique rapidly expanded; led by those studying semiconductors. In semiconductor research, the SEM is used to measure the line-width of the deposited metal conductors and of the features of the photo-resist used to form them. In addition, the SEM is used to measure the surface potentials of operating circuits with sub-micrometer resolution and on pico-second time scales. Because high beam voltages destroy semiconductors by injecting fixed charges into silicon oxide insulators, these studies must be performed using LVSEM where the beam does not penetrate so far.



1985 ◽  
Vol 46 (C7) ◽  
pp. C7-357-C7-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Friedrich ◽  
D. Haarer




2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-203
Author(s):  
Dhahri Maher ◽  
Bellakhel Ghazi ◽  
Chahed Jamel


Author(s):  
Joe H. Chow ◽  
Petar V. Kokotovic
Keyword(s):  


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document