Ground deformation of reclaimed land due to large earthquakes: Characteristics of ground hazards in coastal areas of Tokyo Bay due to the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake

Abstract. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake caused major liquefaction-induced, ground deformation of the reclaimed land surrounding Tokyo Bay. In this area, liquefaction was visibly manifest by sand boils, ejection of sandy water, land subsidence and floating underground tanks. The level measurements show a correspondence between the degree of liquefaction-fluidization and the amount of subsidence. The strata most susceptible to liquefaction are hydraulically emplaced dredged fill and artificial strata on thick uncompacted Holocene deposits. On the other hand, the phenomena of seismic isolation coursed by liquefaction had saved the single-family houses from collapse.

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Ground failures on reclaimed land during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake: A case study in Urayasu City, Japan

Quaternary International ◽

10.1016/j.quaint.2015.07.063 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 397 ◽

pp. 555-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Tohoku Earthquake ◽

2011 Tohoku Earthquake ◽

The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake ◽

Reclaimed Land

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Review: Source Models of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Long-Term Forecast of Large Earthquakes

Journal of Disaster Research ◽

10.20965/jdr.2014.p0272 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 272-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Kenji Satake ◽

◽

Yushiro Fujii ◽

Keyword(s):

Tohoku Earthquake ◽

2011 Tohoku Earthquake ◽

Tsunami Source ◽

The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake ◽

Term Forecast ◽

Trench Axis ◽

Source Models ◽

Plate Coupling ◽

Large Earthquakes

Numerous source models of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake have been proposed based on seismic, geodetic and tsunami data. Common features include a seismic moment of ∼ 4×1022 Nm, a duration of up to ∼ 160 s, and the largest slip of about 50 m east of the epicenter. Exact locations of this largest slip differ with the model, but all show considerable slip near the trench axis where plate coupling was considered to be weak and also at deeper part where M∼7 earthquakes repeatedly occurred at average 37-year intervals. The long-term forecast of large earthquakes made by the Earthquake Research Committee was based on earthquakes occurring in the last few centuries and did not consider such a giant earthquake. Among the several issues remaining unsolved is the tsunami source model. Coastal tsunami height distribution requires a tsunami source delayed by a few minutes and extending north of the epicenter, but seismic data do not indicate such a delayed rupture and there is no clear evidence of additional sources such as submarine landslides along the trench axis. Long-term forecast of giant earthquakes must incorporate non-characteristic models such as earthquake occurrence supercycles, assessments of maximum earthquake size independent of past data, and plate coupling based on marine geodetic data. To assess ground shaking and tsunami in presumed M∼9 earthquakes, characterization and scaling relation fromglobal earthquakes must be used.

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