Abstract
Introduction
Sleep duration disparities by Hispanic/Latino heritage exist; however, few studies have additionally investigated sleep quality disparities by heritage and birthplace, nor have studies compared foreign-born to US-born Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs).
Methods
Using pooled 2004-2017 National Health Interview Survey data, we investigated whether sleep disparities varied by birthplace among adult NHWs and Hispanic/Latino heritage groups. Adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioral/clinical characteristics, survey-weighted Poisson regressions with robust variance estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of self-reported sleep characteristics. Sleep characteristics were compared among foreign-born NHWs and Hispanic/Latino heritage groups vs. US-born NHWs. Sleep characteristics were also compared across Hispanic/Latino heritage groups vs. foreign-born NHWs.
Results
Among 254,699 participants (Meanage±SE: 47±0.9 years; 49% female), 81% self-identified as NHW (n=207,154), 12% Mexican (n=30,100), 2% Puerto Rican n=5,077), 1% Cuban(n=2,518), 1% Dominican (n=1,658), and 3% Central/South American (n=8,162). Compared to US-born NHWs, foreign-born NHWs were more likely to report >9-hours sleep duration (PR=1.11[95% CI: 1.01-1.21]) and poor sleep quality (e.g., PRtrouble staying asleep=1.27[1.17-1.37]), and US-born Mexicans were no more likely to report shorter sleep duration while foreign-born Mexicans were less likely (PR<6-hours=0.52[0.47-0.57], PR6-<7-hours=0.72[0.68-0.76]). Although US-born and foreign-born Mexicans had lower prevalence of poor sleep quality compared to US-born NHWs, PRs were lowest for foreign-born Mexicans. Compared to foreign-born NHWs, US-born Mexicans were more likely to report shorter sleep duration, but foreign-born Mexicans were no more likely. Regardless of birthplace, Puerto Ricans were more likely (e.g., PR<6-hours=1.37[1.24-1.60]) and Cubans were less likely (e.g., PR<6-hours=0.81[0.68-0.96]) to report shorter sleep duration vs. US-born NHWs. Compared to US-born NHWs, Dominicans reported better sleep duration and quality. Sleep duration and quality did not differ among Dominicans vs. foreign-born NHWs.
Conclusion
Sleep disparities varied by birthplace and Hispanic/Latino heritage. Birthplace of both NHWs and racial/ethnic minority groups should be considered in disparities research.
Support
This work was funded by the Intramural Program at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS, Z1AES103325-01) and the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities.
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