scholarly journals Reducing non-collision injuries aboard buses: Passenger balance whilst walking on the lower deck

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xenia Karekla ◽  
Nick Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Seligmann

As soon as he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty in 1911, Winston Churchill sought to buttress his credentials as a social reformer by improving conditions for sailors in the Navy and widening the social composition of the officer corps. This chapter examines his efforts towards both of these ends. It shows how he fought against the Treasury and his Cabinet colleagues to offer sailors their first meaningful pay rise in decades. It similarly catalogues the many schemes he introduced to entice people from a wider range of backgrounds, including sailors from the lower deck, to become naval officers. As with enhanced naval pay, this required him to persevere against entrenched interests, but as this chapter will show, his achievements in this area were considerable.


1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Robert William Love ◽  
Eugene L. Rasor

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 1521-1526
Author(s):  
Shu Ming Yan ◽  
Ning Jia ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Liang Ma ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
...  

The distance between barriers of lower deck and bridge piers of upper deck is small in Luotang River Double-Deck Viaduct. And so impact accidents with barriers of lower deck will result in vehicle frontal impact with bridge piers of upper deck, which will cause serious consequences for the main structure of bridge. So it is necessary to design a special barrier for bridge pier protecting. A kind of composite barrier is put forward considering safety performance, landscape, economic and other factors. This barrier adopted impact resistant steel as upper part and reinforced concrete wall as lower part. The barrier safety performance was evaluated by means of computer simulation with simulation models checked through full-scale impact tests results. The analysis results indicate that this barrier can protect bus with impact energy of 520kJ, unit truck with 650kJ and tractor-trailer truck with 894kJ, far higher than the highest impact energy 520kJ in current standards, and the entire performance index can meet standard requirements. It can be sure that during the impact process the deformed barrier and incline-out vehicles cannot collide with bridge piers of upper deck.


1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-425
Author(s):  
John Money

Imagine, if you will, a ship at sea. At a distance, it could be Jason and the Argonauts, or the Flying Dutchman, or even Captain Ahab. By the cut of its jib as it looms out of the mist, however, it seems rather to be a sieve, such as that in which the Jumblies once put forth. On the poop, sextant in hand, his grizzled features set in Churchillian grimace but instantly recognizable by the ancient Connecticut watchcap which tops them, stands—no, not Walter Mitty—but Hexter the Navigator. As a veteran of many earlier voyages, real and imaginary, he has a longer memory than his shipmates. He thinks this is a Liberty Ship, and he is trying to chart the course laid out in the sailing instructions, originally constituted by a long line of sea-lawyers and perfected by Victorian hydrographers. Right forrard, another ancient mariner, of the kind the lower deck calls Three-badge Killick (a leading seaman of long service who has never made it to Petty Officer), swings the lead. He is Plumb. In the crow's nest, bo'suns Tawney and Hill stand watch with their mates Stone and Thompson. As boy seamen long ago, they, too, were brought up on the old sailing instructions; but having, before the present voyage, served in capital ships, they consider that they have progressed far beyond such common lore. So wise are they indeed that they are convinced that this, too, is a Capital Ship, which, as everybody knows, can only sail forwards, and can therefore have only one destination. In the rigging, the rest of the fo'csle hands, a rabble of cabin boys and greenhorns press-ganged in 1968, who have barely passed for able seaman and still need the old guard to show them the ropes, likewise scan the horizon for the inevitable landfall and keep a weather eye open for that ill-omened denizen of these waters, Namier's Albatross. The intrepid helmsman, however, just as young but experienced beyond his years, knows better. Apprenticed to a line of tars that stretches back to old admiral Clarendon, he has learnt his craft the hard way, at the rope's end, and he has very little use for the sailing instructions of Liberty Ships or the great circle routes programmed, rhumb line by reductionist rhumb line, into the automatic pilots of their capital counterparts. He is Revisionist, a most unteleologic Ulysses, content (the journey not Ithaca's the thing) to sail his narrative barque (Narrenschiff?) before the winds of change for ever. Only one thing jars this whimsical homeric simile. Proof though he is against Circe and her reifications, our Ulysses has still his achilles' heel. Perhaps because he has come up through the hawse-hole himself, he has occasional bouts of nautical nostalgie de la boue: like Bertram, the sociologist of the sea in “Dry Cargo,” the Navigator's hoary parable on Doing History (another time, another voyage), he itches to pull on a pair of footnotes, go below and sample the bilgewater which, this being after all a sieve, slops around the hold.


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