Long noncoding RNAs: an emerging link between gene regulation and nuclear organization

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in eukaryotic gene regulation and diseases, rather than being merely transcriptional “noise”. Over the past decade, the study of lncRNAs has emerged as a burgeoning field of research and expanded our knowledge of their functions and underlining mechanisms in both normal and malignant cells. However, lncRNAs are still one of the least understood groups of transcripts. Here, we review the classifications and functions of lncRNAs and their roles in renal diseases. This review will provide insights into the roles of lncRNAs in pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutics of renal diseases and indications of lncRNAs as potential targets for the treatment of kidney diseases.

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Gene regulation in the immune system by long noncoding RNAs

Nature Immunology ◽

10.1038/ni.3771 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 962-972 ◽

Cited By ~ 204

Author(s):

Y Grace Chen ◽

Ansuman T Satpathy ◽

Howard Y Chang

Keyword(s):

Gene Regulation ◽

Immune System ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Long Noncoding Rnas

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Emerging Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs in the Cytoplasmic Milieu

Non-Coding RNA ◽

10.3390/ncrna6040044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Michelle Aillaud ◽

Leon N Schulte

Keyword(s):

Protein Degradation ◽

Nuclear Organization ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Long Noncoding Rnas ◽

Present Review ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Cytoplasmic Structures ◽

Cellular Components ◽

Cytoplasmic Processes ◽

Intracellular Milieu

While the important functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in nuclear organization are well documented, their orchestrating and architectural roles in the cytoplasmic environment have long been underestimated. However, recently developed fractionation and proximity labelling approaches have shown that a considerable proportion of cellular lncRNAs is exported into the cytoplasm and associates nonrandomly with proteins in the cytosol and organelles. The functions of these lncRNAs range from the control of translation and mitochondrial metabolism to the anchoring of cellular components on the cytoskeleton and regulation of protein degradation at the proteasome. In the present review, we provide an overview of the functions of lncRNAs in cytoplasmic structures and machineries und discuss their emerging roles in the coordination of the dense intracellular milieu. It is becoming apparent that further research into the functions of these lncRNAs will lead to an improved understanding of the spatiotemporal organization of cytoplasmic processes during homeostasis and disease.

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