Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of blood flow in the rat submandibular gland during carotid artery occlusion

Abstract Background and purpose Bilateral carotid artery occlusion (CAO) is a rare condition and the collateral circulation is more complicated than in unilateral CAO. The circle of Willis (CoW) is the most important collateral circulation compensation pathway in CAO. However, the specific role of CoW in the collateral circulation compensation pathway of CAO has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of CoW in the collateral circulation compensation pathway of CAO. Materials and methods Clinical, imaging, and hemodynamic data of 30 patients with bilateral CAO were collected to analyze the collateral blood flow compensation pathway and its characteristics, and to examine the correlation between the structure of the CoW and the collateral circulation of bilateral CAO. Results This paper summarized 30 patients with bilateral CAO. There were 0 cases of the CoW complete type, 18 cases of the partially complete type (60%), and 12 cases of the incomplete type (40%). For the partially complete type cases, there were 14 complete anterior circulation cases (46.7%). The collateral circulation collateral circulation pathway included 14 cases with anterior communicating artery(ACoA), 7 cases with posterior cerebral artery (PCA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) leptomeningeal anastomosis (LMA), 5 cases with ophthalmic artery(OA), 3 cases with lateral posterior communicating artery(PCoA), 1 case with internal carotid artery (ICA) stealing, 1 case with new Moyamoya vessels, and 4 cases of other types. There were four cases (13.3%) with complete posterior circulation, including four cases with bilateral PCoA, three cases with PCA-MCA LMA, and two cases with OA. There were 12 cases (40%) with incomplete CoW, including 8 cases with PCA-MCA LMA, 3 cases with lateral PCoA, 1 case with anterior cerebral artery (ACA)-MCA LMA, 4 cases with OA, and 1 other case. Conclusion The collateral circulation pathway differs among patients with different CoW structure types. When the CoW is partially complete, it mainly provides blood flow compensation to the ischemic area through primary collateral circulation. When the CoW is incomplete, it mainly provides blood flow compensation to the ischemic area through secondary collateral circulation.

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Roles of Nitric Oxide and Prostanoid Mediators in the Adaptation of the Cerebrocortical Blood Flow to Carotid Artery Occlusion

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03920 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Laszlo Hricisak ◽

Eva Pal ◽

Gergely Tamas Izsa ◽

Andreas Polycarpou ◽

Laura Simoes Dobrydnio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Carotid Artery Occlusion

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Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion: The Role of Common Carotid Artery Volume Flow

Journal of Neuroimaging ◽

10.1111/j.1552-6569.2002.tb00111.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 144-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Teng-Yeow Tan ◽

Ulf Schminke ◽

Li-Ming Lien ◽

B. Martin Eicke ◽

Charles H. Tegeler

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Internal Carotid Artery ◽

Common Carotid Artery ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽

Volume Flow ◽

Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽

Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery

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Assessing the Effects of Antihypertensive Medication on Cerebral Blood Flow: Demonstration in Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion

DICP ◽

10.1177/106002809102501201 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 1299-1301 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Susan C. Fagan ◽

James R. Ewing ◽

Steven R. Levine ◽

Gretchen E. Tietjen ◽

Nabih M. Ramadan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Internal Carotid Artery ◽

Antihypertensive Medication ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽

Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽

Bilateral Carotid

Dynamic cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies using acetazolamide or hypercapnia as a vasodilatory challenge have attempted to evaluate intracranial hemodynamics. We report two patients with asymptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion in whom the vasodilatory stimulus was a single oral dose of antihypertensive medication (prazosin hydrochloride or enalapril maléate). In both patients, changes in regional CBF occurred that were larger than those seen in nine normal controls. One patient experienced an improvement in regional CBF with a reduction in probe pair asymmetry. In the other patient, who had bilateral carotid artery disease, a decrease in regional CBF in all 16 probes (mean decrease 12 percent) and an accentuation of the predose asymmetry were observed. Both patients remained asymptomatic throughout the study. Assessing these effects on cerebral circulation may help identify patients at risk for iatrogenic focal cerebral ischemia and provide information regarding the functional status of the cerebral vasculature.

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Mechanism of intrarenal blood flow redistribution after carotid artery occlusion

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1977.232.2.f167 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 232 (2) ◽

pp. F167-F172 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. H. Prosnitz ◽

E. J. Zambraski ◽

G. F. DiBona

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Renal Blood Flow ◽

Perfusion Pressure ◽

Renal Perfusion ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽

Outer Cortex ◽

Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽

Renal Perfusion Pressure

Bilateral carotid artery occlusion results in an increase in mean arterial pressure, an increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity, and a redistribution of renal blood flow from inner to outer cortex. To elucidate the mechanism of the renal blood flow redistribution, carotid artery occlusion was performed in anesthetized dogs with the left kidney either having renal perfusion pressure maintained constant (aortic constriction) or having alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade (phenoxybenzamine); the right kidney of the same dog served to document the normal response. When renal perfusion pressure was maintained constant, renal blood flow distribution (microspheres) was unchanged by carotid artery occlusion. In the presence of renal alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade, carotid artery occlusion elicited the usual redistribution of renal blood flow from inner to outer cortex. The redistribution of renal blood flow observed after carotid artery occlusion is mediated by the increase in renal perfusion pressure rather than the increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity.

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