Abstract
Background: This prospective randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and miniscrew-assisted RPE (MARPE) on skeletal, dentoalveolar, and periodontal structures in adolescent and young adult patients. Methods: Thirty-six patients (12 men and 24 women) requiring maxillary expansion were randomly allocated to RPE (n=17) or MARPE (n=19) groups. Upon identical (35 turns) amount of expansion, low-dose cone-beam computed tomography images were taken before treatment (T0), immediately after expansion (T1), and after a 3-month consolidation period (T2). Skeletal, dentoalveolar, and periodontal measurements were performed at each time point. Results: A greater increase in nasal width in the molar region (M-NW) and greater palatine foramen (GPF) was observed immediately after expansion (T1-T0) and consolidation periods (T2-T0) in MARPE group (P<0.05). MARPE and RPE groups showed similar dentoalveolar changes except for the maxillary width (PM-MW, M-MW) (P<0.05). Through the expansion and consolidation periods (T2-T0), lesser buccal displacement of the anchor teeth was observed in the MARPE group (PM-BBPT, PM-PBPT, M-BBPT [mesial and distal roots], and M-PBPT) (P<0.05).Conclusions: Both RPE and MARPE groups exhibited significant triangular basal bone expansion and skeletal relapse during consolidation. Under identical amounts of expansion, the MARPE group showed lower decrease in the skeletal, dentoalveolar and periodontal variables after consolidation. The reinforcement of RPE with miniscrews contributes to the maintenance of the basal bone during consolidation period. This evidence can help clinicians decide the appliance design for maxillary expansion, while preventing periodontal side effects, such as buccal bone dehiscence Trial registration: WHO Institutional Clinical Trials Registry Platform (IRB No. KCT0006871 / Registration Date 27/12/2021)
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