On the nature of free and bound water in water permeation of cellulose acetate membranes in reverse osmosis

Desalination ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Ogawa ◽  
Sho Suzuki

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 2933-2939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Hartmut Schwarz ◽  
Vlastimil Kůdela ◽  
Klaus Richau

Ultrafiltration cellulose acetate membrane can be transformed by annealing into reverse osmosis membranes (RO type). Annealing brings about changes in structural properties of the membranes, accompanied by changes in their permeability behaviour and electrical properties. Correlations between structure parameters and electrochemical properties are shown for the temperature range 20-90 °C. Relations have been derived which explain the role played by the dc electrical conductivity in the characterization of rejection ability of the membranes in the reverse osmosis, i.e. rRO = (1 + exp (A-B))-1, where exp A and exp B are statistically significant correlation functions of electrical conductivity and salt permeation, or of electrical conductivity and water flux through the membrane, respectively.



1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Nomura ◽  
Manabu Senō ◽  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
Takeo Yamabe




Desalination ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bódalo ◽  
José-Luis Gómez ◽  
Elisa Gómez ◽  
Gerardo León ◽  
María Tejera


Polymer ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (15) ◽  
pp. 6479-6484 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Khulbe ◽  
T. Matsuura ◽  
G. Lamarche ◽  
A.-M. Lamarche ◽  
C. Choi ◽  
...  




1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 2609-2620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Nomura ◽  
S. Yoshida ◽  
M. Senō ◽  
H. Takahashi ◽  
T. Yamabe


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