Phytotoxity of waste waters with Cr and

The dry and fresh biomass and metal concentration (Cr, Ni) in roots and shoots of mustard (S. alba L.) seedlings was evaluated in laboratory experiments with three types of washing waste-waters from cutlery production line. All tested washing waters reduced root dry mass, where-as the dry mass of shoots was either not affected or it increased. The effect of tested washing waters was stronger on fresh mass production than on dry mass production. This indicates problems in water reception and translocation. While the accumulation of Cr was higher in the roots, Ni was distributed equally through the whole plant seedling. Cr uptake in the roots and shoots was in average about 1.7 and 7.3 times, respectively, lower than that of Ni. Ni percentage uptake from washing waters in the roots and shoots was nearly equal and range from 10.2 to 15.8%.

Effect of Olive Mill Wastewater of in the Control of Olive Verticillium Wilt Caused by Verticillium dahlia Kleb

Muhrez, K.A., M.Z. Tawil and B. Barhoum. 2021. Effect of Olive Mill Wastewater of in the Control of Olive Verticillium Wilt Caused by Verticillium dahlia Kleb. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 273-280. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.4.273280 This research aimed to evaluate the application of olive mill wastewater in controlling Verticillium dahliae the causal agent of olive wilt disease on olive trees. This study was carried out on 2 years old olive local variety (Khderi) plants planted in pots after it has been artificial inoculated with V. dahliae, and severity was recorded within 90 days. Olive mill wastewater (omww) efficacy was estimated at the end of the experiment. Severity was increased from 8.89% before treatment to 28.89% 60 days after treatment, and decreased to 13.33% 90 days after treatment with omww 450 ml/l. Disease severity increased from 11.11% before treatment to 37.78% 60 days after treatment and decreased to 35.56% 90 days after treatment with omww 300 ml/l. Whereas, disease severity increased from 17.78% before treatment to 40% 90 days after treatment with azoxystrobin compared to the inoculated control where disease severity increased from 13.33% before treatment to 100% 90 days after treatment. Omww 450 ml/l had the highest efficacy of 80% followed by azoxystrobin 70%, and omww 300 ml/l 57.33%. It can be concluded that olive mill wastewater has a potential application as a bio-fungicide for the control of olive verticillium wilt disease. Keywords: Olive mill waste waters, Verticillium dahlia, olive, Fungicide.

Chemometric characterization of textile waste waters from different processes

The aim of this work is focused on water quality classification of the textile waste water streams and evaluation of pollution. Data from the chemical characterization of the effluents were elaborated to identify a useful separation in potentially treatment for reuse. This was done with the aim of realizing a full scale characterization of effluents. In the two textile companies analyzed, machineries are used to carry out different production processes such as sizing and desizing, weaving, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, carbonizing, fulling, dying and finishing. Different process effluents from the same machinery were found to be very diverse in pollution level. 25 and 49 samples of textile waste waters from two different textile companies were analysed and physical chemical measurements were performed. The following physicochemical and chemical water quality parameters were controlled: absorbance measured at three different wavelengths, pH, conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, metals content (Ba, Ca, Cu, Mn, K, Sr, Fe, Al, Na) and total nitrogen content. For handling the results, basic statistical methods for the determination of mean and median values, standard deviations, minimal and maximal values of measured parameters and their mutual correlation coefficients, were performed. Different chemometric methods, namely, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to find hidden information about textile waste water quality.

Determination and classification of pollutants in waste water

This paper deals with waste waters produced by industrial producers during recent three years. Its main purpose is to evaluate the data monitored from discharges of three leather plants where eight traditional variables (COD, BOD, insoluble matters, pH, and the concentrations of ammonia, total nitrogen, chromium and sulphides) were regularly analyzed and quantified. Chemometrical and statistical methods were approved as very useful tools for characterization and classification of various kinds of water samples considering the environmental and metrological aspects. For this purpose, multivariate (multidimensional) techniques of data analysis and correlation analysis were especially very useful. The mentioned techniques are used in this work to (1) reveal the concealed interrelations of the monitored characteristics of waste waters, (2) compare the results of individual waste water producers and find the most important polluting source during a long time period, and (3) derive some generally valid conclusions regarding the observed results.

Deterioration of concrete sewers

The corrosion and maintenance of concrete sewers have always been an area of social as well as financial priority. The corrosion of the concrete sewer system is related to biodegradation of concrete which led to formation of sulphuric acid. The sulphuric acid so produced affects the life span of structure by causing expansion which eventually led to collapse of structure as a whole. The damage is further amplified in case of splashing of waste waters in the sewer network as compared to stagnant waters. In order to access the degree of damage an experimental program was carried out. This paper presents the results of degradation depth of concrete subjected to stagnant and flowing condition of sulphuric acid solution (H2SO4) made with different the water-cement ratio and concentration of sulphuric acid. For this purpose, concrete cubes with various water-cement ratios were made. These cubes were exposed to sulphuric acid solution of pH 1,2,3 and 4. The results revealed that surrounding conditions play one the important role in deciding the erosion depth in addition to water cement ratio. From the experiment it was also affirmed that erosion depth depends on the concentration of the acidic solution.

Recovery of Residues of Surface and Emulsion Waste Water Treatment at a Bearing Factory

The directions of utilization of production wastes of the second level, namely, residues of surface and emulsion waste waters treatment of a bearing factory, are given. The results of studies of a new composition of asphalt concrete mixture obtained on the basis of foam, sludge from the treatment of surface water and oily sludge from the treatment of emulsion wastewater from a bearing factory are presented. A technological scheme for the reuse of waste water from surface and emulsion wastewater treatment at a bearing factory has been developed.

Multivariate statistical methods for characterization of waste water quality

The aim of this work is focused on water quality classification of the waste waters and evaluation of pollution by the monitoring measurements during period 2006-2008. Environmental monitoring was performed in the region of Trbovlje, Slovenia, with two sampling sites and 15 chemical and physicochemical water quality parameters (pH, temperature, suspended solids, settling matter, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, AOX (adsorbable organic halogens), total phosphorus, ammonium, nitrite, sulphate, chloride, fluoride, sulphide and mineral oil content) monitored in monthly periods (total of 60 objects x 15 variables). For handling the results different chemometric methods were employed, such as basic statistical methods for the determination of mean and median values, standard deviations, minimal and maximal values of measured parameters and their mutual correlation coefficients, the principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Monitoring of general pollution of waste waters and following measuring parameters which are above permitted concentration level can be used for searching of pollution source and for planning prevention measures from pollution, as well. The study allows drawing new information from the data sets such as patterns of similarity between sampling locations, sources of pollution in the environment, seasonal behavior of chemical contents and time trends.