Amino aciduria, congenital defects, and mental retardation

1956 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.E. Thelander ◽  
Richard Imagawa
1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Zellweger

Abstract The different biochemical disturbances leading to or associated with mental retardation are reviewed. Clinical symptomatology, pathogenesis, and possible treatment of some forms of mental retardation and amino-aciduria are discussed.


1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
Sharmin Ahmed

Context: It has long been claimed that consanguineous marriages are deleterious to human well beings, but their association with incidences of birth abnormalities and congenital defects has not been well studied in our societies. Objectives: To investigate frequencies of common birth abnormalities and congenital defects in children from congenital marriages in Rajshahi Metropolis areas. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 clinical patients were chosen at random from 10 hospitals and clinics for recording their birth related abnormalities, whereas 281 children from 100 consanguineous couples from 17 Wards were included in the study for examining their congenital defects. All the patients, children and their parents were interviewed separately for recording the case histories.Results: Frequencies of miscarriages (0.65), stillbirths (0.38), postnatal deaths (0.30), and preterm deliveries (0.50) each in consanguineous cases differed significantly from that in non-consanguineous cases (P<0.001). In addition, significantly shortened gestational ages (34.37±4.08 wks) and lower live birth weights (3.20±0.72 kg) prevailed in the children from consanguineous marriages (P<0.001). Frequencies of six congenital defects in 76 children (30 females: 46 males) viz., deaf-mutism (0.70), cerebral palsy (0.12), mental retardation (0.11), blindness (0.04), syndactyly (0.02) and deaf-mutism coupled with mental retardation (0.01), were recorded  from 100 consanguineous couples who had a total of 281 children. Conclusion: Demerits of the prevailing tradition of marrying close relatives in our society are obvious from the present results. Moreover, association between consanguinity and various birth and congenital malformations was statistically significant compared to the non-consanguineous cases.Key words: Birth abnormalities; congenital defects; consanguineous marriagesDOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7115J. bio-sci. 17: 107-112, 2009


Author(s):  
Ж.Г. Маркова ◽  
М.Е. Миньженкова ◽  
Н.А. Демина ◽  
Н.В. Шилова

Клиническое значение делеции района q21 хромосомы X у мужчин все еще плохо изучено. Было показано, что делеция Xq21, включающая гены POU3F4, CHM и ZNF711, может приводить к глухоте, умственной отсталости и хороидеремии. Несмотря на тяжелые симптомы, наблюдаемые у пробандов-мужчин, большинство носителей женского пола бессимптомны или имеют незначительные фенотипические проявления. Представлена клиническая и молекулярно-цитогенетическая характеристика случая делеции района q21.1-q21.31 хромосомы X, выявленной при проведении хромосомного микроматричного анализа у пациента с задержкой психоречевого развития, лицевыми дизморфиями и тугоухостью. Такая же делеция была выявлена у практически здоровой матери. Наши данные способствуют дальнейшему пониманию корреляции между делецией Xq21 и аномальным фенотипом. Deletions on the X chromosome can lead to serious birth defects. Deletions in Xq21 cause various congenital defects in males including choroideremia, deafness and mental retardation, depending on their size and gene content. Only a limited number of patients with Xq21 deletions has been reported. It has been shown that deletions of the adjacent Xq21 genes, including the POU3F4, CHM and ZNF711 genes, can lead to deafness and mental retardation syndrome and choroideremia. Despite the severe symptoms exhibited by male probands, most female carriers are asymptomatic or exhibit only a mild phenotype. The article presents the clinical and molecular-cytogenetic characteristics of a case of deletion of the Xq21.1-q21.31 region of chromosome X, revealed during chromosomal microarray analysis in a patient with delayed psycho-speech development, facial dysmorphisms and hearing loss. The same deletion was found in an apparently healthy mother. Our study confirms the causative effect between the Xq21 deletion in males and choroideremia, deafness and mental retardation.


1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 654-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARMELO SCHEPIS ◽  
MADDALENA SIRAGUSA ◽  
ANTONINO ALBERTI ◽  
VITTORIO CAVALLARI

Author(s):  
Line Buhl ◽  
David Muirhead

There are four lysosomal diseases of which the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is the rarest. The clinical presentation and their characteric abnormal ultrastructure subdivide them into four types. These are known as the Infantile form (Santavuori-Haltia), Late infantile form (Jansky-Bielschowsky), Juvenile form (Batten-Spielmeyer-Voght) and the Adult form (Kuph's).An 8 year old Omani girl presented wth myclonic jerks since the age of 4 years, with progressive encephalopathy, mental retardation, ataxia and loss of vision. An ophthalmoscopy was performed followed by rectal suction biopsies (fig. 1). A previous sibling had died of an undiagnosed neurological disorder with a similar clinical picture.


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