Hair analysis for drugs of abuse XXI. Effect of para-substituents on benzene ring of methamphetamine on drug incorporation into rat hair

Life Sciences ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 563-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Nakahara ◽  
Ruri Hanajiri
Keyword(s):  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Hair Analysis ◽  
Drug Incorporation

Toxicological hair analysis: Pre-analytical, analytical and interpretive aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Khajuria ◽  
Biswa Prakash Nayak ◽  
Ashish Badiye
Keyword(s):  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Hair Analysis ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Drug Binding ◽  
Drug Detection ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Drug Incorporation

Background and aims Hair analysis for drug detection is one of the widely accepted imperative techniques in the field of forensic toxicology. The current study was designed to investigate the efficacy of chromatography for detection of drugs of abuse in hair. Method A comprehensive review of articles from last two decades on hair analyses via PubMed and similar resources was performed. Issues concerning collection, decontamination and analytical techniques are summarised. Physiochemical nature of hair, mechanism of drug incorporation and its stability in hair are briefly discussed. Furthermore, various factors affecting results and interpretation are elucidated. Result A hair sample is chosen over traditional biological samples such blood, urine, saliva or tissues due to its inimitable ability to provide a longer time frame for drug detection. Its collection is almost non-invasive, less cumbersome and does not involve any specialised training/expertise. Recent advances in analytical technology have resulted in better sensitivity, reproducibility and accuracy, thus providing a new arena of scientific understanding and test interpretation. Conclusion Though recent studies have yielded many insights into drug binding and drug incorporation in hair, the major challenge in hair analysis lies in the interpretation of results, which may be affected by external contamination and thus lead to false-positives. Therefore, there is a need for more sensitive and selective analysis methods to be developed in order to minimise factors that induce the effect of melanin, age and so on, and this would certainly provide a new dimension to hair analysis and its applications.

scholarly journals HAIR ANALYSIS FOR DRUGS OF ABUSE. PLAUSIBILITY OF INTERPRETATION

2005 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Balikova
Keyword(s):  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Hair Analysis

scholarly journals Hair testing for 3-fluorofentanyl, furanylfentanyl, methoxyacetylfentanyl, carfentanil, acetylfentanyl and fentanyl by LC–MS/MS after unintentional overdose

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Amine Larabi ◽  
Marie Martin ◽  
Nicolas Fabresse ◽  
Isabelle Etting ◽  
Yve Edel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Hair Analysis ◽  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Repetitive Exposure ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Exposure Pattern ◽  
Hair Testing ◽  
Urine Testing

Abstract Purpose To demonstrate the usefulness of hair testing to determine exposure pattern to fentanyls. Methods A 43-year-old male was found unconscious with respiratory depression 15 min after snorting 3 mg of a powder labeled as butyrylfentanyl. He was discharged from hospital within 2 days without blood or urine testing. Two locks of hair were sampled 1 month (M1 A: 0–2 cm (overdose time frame); B: 2–4 cm; C: 4–6 cm) and 1 year (Y1: A: 0–2 cm; B: 2–4 cm) later to monitor his exposure to drugs of abuse by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after liquid-liquid extraction. Results Hair analysis at M1 showed a repetitive exposure to 3-fluorofentanyl (A/B/C: 150/80/60 pg/mg) with higher concentration in segment A reflecting the overdose period. The non-detection of butyrylfentanyl was consistent with the analysis of the recovered powder identified as 3-fluorofentanyl. Furanylfentanyl (40/20/15 pg/mg) and fentanyl (37/25/3 pg/mg) were also detected in hair. The second hair analysis at Y1 showed the use of three new fentanyls, with probably repetitive exposures to methoxyacetylfentanyl (A/B: 500/600 pg/mg), and single or few exposures to carfentanil (2.5/3 pg/mg) and acetyl fentanyl (1/1 pg/mg). A decreasing exposure to 3-fluorofentanyl (25/80 pg/mg), and increasing consumption of furanylfentanyl (310/500 pg/mg) and fentanyl (620/760 pg/mg) were also observed despite methadone treatment initiation. The patient claimed not consuming three out of the six detected fentanyls. Conclusions We report single or repetitive exposure to several fentanyls using hair testing. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of 3-fluorofentanyl and methoxyacetylfentanyl in hair samples collected from an authentic abuser.

scholarly journals Hair Analysis: A Powerful Tool for the Screening of Drugs of Abuse

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Christèle Girod ◽  
Christian Staub
Keyword(s):  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Hair Analysis

Hair as a Biological Indicator of Drug Use, Drug Abuse or Chronic Exposure to Environmental Toxicants

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassiliki A. Boumba ◽  
Kallirroe S. Ziavrou ◽  
Theodore Vougiouklakis
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Hair Analysis ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Hair Testing

In recent years hair has become a fundamental biological specimen, alternative to the usual samples blood and urine, for drug testing in the fields of forensic toxicology, clinical toxicology and clinical chemistry. Moreover, hair-testing is now extensively used in workplace testing, as well as, on legal cases, historical research etc. This article reviews methodological and practical issues related to the application of hair as a biological indicator of drug use/abuse or of chronic exposure to environmental toxicants. Hair structure and the mechanisms of drug incorporation into it are commented. The usual preparation and extraction methods as well as the analytical techniques of hair samples are presented and commented on. The outcomes of hair analysis have been reviewed for the following categories: drugs of abuse (opiates, cocaine and related, amphetamines, cannabinoids), benzodiazepines, prescribed drugs, pesticides and organic pollutants, doping agents and other drugs or substances. Finally, the specific purpose of the hair testing is discussed along with the interpretation of hair analysis results regarding the limitations of the applied procedures.

Assessment of exposure to drugs of abuse during pregnancy by hair analysis in a Mediterranean island

Addiction ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 1471-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibiana Friguls ◽  
Xavier Joya ◽  
Joan Garcia-Serra ◽  
Mario Gómez-Culebras ◽  
Simona Pichini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Hair Analysis ◽  
Mediterranean Island ◽  
Abuse During Pregnancy
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