The Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Disease of Small Grains

1961 ◽  
pp. 217-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.F. Rochow
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

scholarly journals First Report of Barley yellow dwarf virus-MAV in Oat, Wheat, and Barley Grown in the Czech Republic

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 964-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Barley yellow dwarf disease, a ubiquitous virus disease of cereal crops worldwide, is caused by a group of related, single-stranded RNA viruses assigned to Luteovirus (Barley yellow dwarf virus [BYDV] spp. PAV, PAS, MAV, and GAV) or Polerovirus (Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV) genera or unassigned to a genera (BYDV-SGV, BYDV-RMV, and BYDV-GPV) in the family Luteoviridae (1). Incidence of BYDV in cereal crops (e.g., barley, wheat, and oats) was high, and in recent years, reached epidemic levels in many regions of the Czech Republic. BYDV-PAV and BYDV-PAS have been identified in Czech cereal crops (2,4). Surveys of the incidence of BYDV were carried out using ELISA (SEDIAG SAS, Longvic, France) and one-step reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) (2) during 2007 and 2008. Samples (125) were collected from different fields around the Czech Republic and 96 were BYDV positive. Three of the field isolates, CZ-6815, CZ-1561, and CZ-10844, from oat (Avena sativa; cv. Auron), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum; cv. Apache), and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare; cv. Merlot), respectively, were identified as BYDV-MAV by sequencing of the RT-PCR product (641-bp fragment) used to identify BYDV, which spanned 2839–3479 of the BYDV genome (GenBank Accession Nos. EF043235 and NC_002160) (2). The partial coat protein gene sequence of 483 nt was compared with the available sequences of 12 BYDV-PAV isolates (PAV-JP, PAV-NY, PAV-ILL, PAV-AUS, PAV-WG2, PAV-whG4y3, PAV-on21-4, Tahoe1, CA-PAV, HB3, FH3, and MA9501); nine BYDV-PAS isolates (PAS-129, PAS-64, WS6603, WG13, PAS-Tcb4-1, PASwaw5-9, FL2, PAS-Vd29, and PAS-MA9516); and six BYDV-MAV isolates (MAV-CA, MAV-PS1X1, MAV-Alameds268, LMB2a, SI-o4, and MAV-CN) by MEGA4 (3). Nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities for the three isolates ranged from 92.9 to 99.4% and 88.0 to 95.8%, respectively, for available BYDV-MAV isolates; 76.8 to 78.2% and 62.7 to 67.6%, respectively, for available BYDV-PAS isolates; and 77.6 to 79.3% and 65.5 to 70.4%, respectively, for available PAV isolates. The sequence data indicates that these isolates (CZ-6815, CZ-1561, and CZ10844; GenBank Accession Nos. FJ645747, FJ645758, and FJ645746, respectively) are BYDV-MAV. To my knowledge, this is the first record of BYDV-MAV in the Czech Republic. References: (1) C. J. D'Arcy and L. L. Domier. Page 891 in: Virus Taxonomy-8th Report of the ICTV. C. M. Fauquet et al., eds. Springer-Verlag, NY, 2005. (2) J. K. Kundu. Plant Dis. 92:1587, 2008. (3) K. Tamura et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24:1596, 2007. (4) J. Vacke. Page 100 in: Sbornik Referatu z Odborneho Seminare, Aktualni Problemy Ochrany Polnich Plodin, Praha, 1991.

scholarly journals Identification of New QTL Contributing to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) Resistance in Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 2798-2803 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Choudhury ◽  
H. Hu ◽  
Y. Fan ◽  
P. Larkin ◽  
M. Hayden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Chromosomal Translocation ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Dh Lines

Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is a major virus disease which dramatically reduces wheat yield. Introducing BYD resistance genes into commercial varieties has been proven to be effective in reducing damage caused by barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). However, only one major resistance gene is readily deployable for breeding; Bdv2 derived from Thinopyrum intermedium is deployed as a chromosomal translocation. In this study, a double haploid (DH) population was developed from a cross between XuBYDV (introduced from China showing very good resistance to BYD) and H-120 (a BYD-sensitive Chinese accession), and was used to identify QTL for BYD resistance. The population was genotyped using an Infinium iSelect bead chip array targeting 90K gene-based SNPs. The disease resistance of DH lines inoculated with BYDV was assessed at the heading stage. The infections were assessed by tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA). Three new QTL were identified on chromosomes 5A, 6A, and 7A for both symptom and TBIA, with all three resistance alleles being inherited from XuBYDV. Some DH lines with the resistance alleles from all three QTL showed high level resistance to BYD. These new QTL will be useful in breeding programs for pyramiding BYD resistance genes.

scholarly journals Luteovirus and Polerovirus Found in Small Grains for the First Time in the Matanuska-Susitna Region of Alaska

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

The Matanuska-Susitna Valley is one of the most fertile regions in Alaska for growing cool-season vegetables. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and oat (Avena sativa) crops are also sown for animal feed and green manure. The most damaging and widely distributed viral disease of small grains worldwide is barley yellow dwarf (BYD), caused by several species from two genera in the family Luteoviridae: luteovirus (Barley yellow dwarf virus [BYDV-MAV and BYDV-PAV]) and polerovirus (Cereal yellow dwarf virus [CYDV-RPV, formerly BYDV-RPV]) and three unassigned species (BYDV-RMV, BYDV-SGV, and BYDV-GPV) (2,4). Even though barley and oat have been grown in Alaska for more than 50 years, BYD has not been documented in small grains in this region. During September 2001, barley plants with bright yellow leaves were collected from five barley fields near Palmer. Three plants from each field were assayed using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol targeting members of the luteoviridae (3). The resulting ≈530-bp PCR product and its restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) produced by digestion with NdeII implied that plants were infected with BYDV-PAV. In September 2002, three of the five sites were surveyed again for BYDV. Two of the fields (BF-1 and BF-2) had been replanted with barley and the other (OF-3) was planted with oats. Leaf samples from 36 symptomatic barley plants from each field and 60 symptomatic oat plants were randomly collected and stored at -80°C. In 2002, in addition to RT-PCR and RFLP analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using Agdia kits (Agdia, Elkhart, IN) for BYDV-PAV, CYDV-RPV, and BYDV-SGV were also performed (1). First, RT-PCR and RFLP were completed on all samples using 0.5 g of tissue. Of samples from BF-1, BF-2, and OF-3, 61, 100, and 70%, respectively, generated luteoviridae-specific fragments. The RFLP profiles from barley were all PAV-like, whereas 71% of oat samples were PAV-like, and 29% were of an unknown pattern. No bands were observed from apparently healthy field plants. ELISA (0.2 g of tissue) was performed on all PCR-positive samples, resulting in 22, 97, and 33% detection for BYDV-PAV from BF-1, BF-2, and OF-3, respectively. An additional 29% of oat samples (OF-3) tested positive for CYDV-RPV, whereas none of the barley plants tested positive. One oat plant had a mixed infection with both PAV and RPV profiles, and all oat plants with the unidentified RFLP pattern were serologically positive for RPV. No BYDV-SGV was detected in either barley or oats. The PCR assay was clearly more sensitive than ELISA, especially for plants that had mature and necrotic tissue, which were predominately found in BF-1 and OF-3. Based on these direct tests on the coat protein's nucleic acid (PCR) and serology (ELISA), it is concluded that two distinct viruses, BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV, were found in oats, whereas only the former was found in barley. To my knowledge, this is the first report of luteovirus and polerovirus infection in small grains in Alaska. References: (1) M. F. Clark and A. N. Adams. J. Gen. Virol. 34, 475, 1977. (2) C. J. D'Arcy and P. A. Burnett. Barley Yellow Dwarf: 40 Years of Progress. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1995. (3) N. L. Robertson and R. French. J. Gen. Virol. 72,1473, 1991. (4) M. H. V. van Regenamortel et al. Virus Taxonomy. Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Academic Press, NY, 2000.

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