Expansion dataset COVID-19 chest X-ray using data augmentation and histogram equalization

The main important factor that plays vital role in success the deep learning is the deep training by many and many images, if neural networks are getting bigger and bigger but the training datasets are not, then it sounds like going to hit an accuracy wall. Briefly, this paper investigates the current state of the art of approaches used for a data augmentation for expansion the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) chest X-ray images using different data augmentation methods (transformation and enhancement) the dataset expansion helps to rise numbers of images from 138 to 5520, the increasing rate is 3,900%, this proposed model can be used to expand any type of image dataset, in addition, the dataset have used with convolutional neural network (CNN) model to make classification if detected infection with COVID-19 in X-ray, the results have gotten high training accuracy=99%

An Effect of Covid Treatment on Oral Cavity

Covid-19 means Corona Virus Disease which is an emergency disease declared by World Health Organization. Its first case was reported on December, 2019 in a city of China name Wuhan. Responsible virus for Covid-19 is SARS-CoV-2. Disease can be transmitted by Sneezing, Coughing, Close Contact etc. Patient of Covid-19 advise to isolate themselves for minimum 14 days either in Home or Hospital setup.

Covishield Vaccine Coverage and its adverse effects among the Staffs of Nepalgunj Medical College Banke

Introduction: The corona virus disease-19 pandemic is an ongoing global health crisis and the greatest challenge we have been facing right now in the most peculiar ways. It has caused huge loss of lives and has severely affected the global economy and financial markets. Vaccines are a new critical tool to fight this voracious battle. They have been released in several parts of the world. Although the safety and efficacy of these vaccines have been discussed, we know very little about the post-vaccination experience outside clinical trial situations. Adequate information about the effects of the vaccine can aware the public remove misconceptions and increase vaccine acceptability. Aims: To know the percentage of Covishield vaccine coverage and its adverse effects among the staffs of Nepalgunj Medical College. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the vaccinated 91 out of 116 staff members of Nepalgunj Medical College (NGMC), Baijanath Rural Municipality-1, Banke. Results: Out of 91 persons, 15.4%(14) developed headache, 20%(18) developed fever, and 8.7%(17) developed body aches. Of those who developed post-vaccination side effects 47%(16) of the persons were from age group 36-55years,17%(1) of them between age group 55-65 years, and none above 65 years developed fever. 20%(13) of total male and 35%(5) of total female developed fever within 96 hours after receiving first dose of Covishield AstraZeneca vaccine. Conclusion: Most of the study subjects reported milder side effects which lasted for less than 5 days. No casualties were reported. Local pain and swelling at the injection site, headache and fever were the most common side effects. The side effects were more common in younger individuals and women.

COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown: Psychological Distress Impact amongst PCL Nursing Students of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal

Introduction: The uncontrolled spread of COVID-19 worldwide has confined millions of people to their homes. In addition to being a public physical health emergency, COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) has significantly resulted in a large number of psychological distress and impacts. The career oriented professional students are away from their academic environment. Aims: This study aims to assess the psychological distress impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among the Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal. Methods: The online survey with a link directed to students of Proficiency Certificate Level (PCL) Nursing of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal conducted during lockdown (July 16th –July 21st 2020) which was open for 6 days. Sociodemographic characteristics are the independent variables. Psychological distress was constructed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) Scale as a dependent variables. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: The evidence of the survey showed that in total 80.2, % (severely distressed - 30.7%, moderately distressed -29.7%, mildly distressed- 19.8%) of the Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing students of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, were having psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown assessed by using K10 scale. Conclusion: The present study showed that Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing students were moderately and severely distressed during lockdown of Covid-19 pandemic.

The role of phosphatidylserine on the membrane in immunity and blood coagulation

The negatively charged aminophospholipid, phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), is located in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in normal cells, and may be exposed to the outer leaflet under some immune and blood coagulation processes. Meanwhile, Ptdser exposed to apoptotic cells can be recognized and eliminated by various immune cells, whereas on the surface of activated platelets Ptdser interacts with coagulation factors prompting enhanced production of thrombin which significantly facilitates blood coagulation. In the case where PtdSer fails in exposure or mistakenly occurs, there are occurrences of certain immunological and haematological diseases, such as the Scott syndrome and Systemic lupus erythematosus. Besides, viruses (e.g., Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Ebola virus (EBOV)) can invade host cells through binding the exposed PtdSer. Most recently, the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been similarly linked to PtdSer or its receptors. Therefore, it is essential to comprehensively understand PtdSer and its functional characteristics. Therefore, this review summarizes Ptdser, its eversion mechanism; interaction mechanism, particularly with its immune receptors and coagulation factors; recognition sites; and its function in immune and blood processes. This review illustrates the potential aspects for the underlying pathogenic mechanism of PtdSer-related diseases, and the discovery of new therapeutic strategies as well.

Post COVID 19- mucormycosis and osteomyelitis of the mandible- A rare case report

Corona virus disease was declared as pandemic in 2020. The second wave of covid 19 in India was completely influenced by the fatal complication of covid 19 called Mucormycosis. It was declared as an epidemic in India after 2 wave. The use of Corticosteroids in the management of covid 19 and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with other systemic illness has shown tremendous immunosuppression which has ultimately caused Mucormycosis. Mucormycosis is rare in mandible. We are presenting a case report with brief discussion of 9 patients having post covid Mucormycosis along with osteomyelitis of the mandible, the rarest form of the post covid infection, which was managed surgically as well as with adjuvant antibacterial and antifungal drugs followed by post-operative prosthetic rehabilitation. This fatal infection has to be kept in mind in covid 19 active cases as well as in recovered patients, especially in those having comorbidities and judicious use of cortico-steroids should be recommended.

Venous and arterial cerebral thrombosis: a COVID-19 dual pathology and single possible etiology—a case report

Background Corona virus disease of the year 2019 (COVID-19) is still devastating the world for more than 19 months since its declaration as a pandemic by world health organization. Its manifestations does not stand at respiratory system but involves other body systems including central nervous system and its vasculature. In the following case report, cerebral venous and arterial thrombosis is detected in a case just in convalescence from COVID-19 with still detected positive IgM. Case presentation A 68-year-old female presenting with disturbed conscious level, bilateral convergent squint, single attack of generalized seizures, left sided dense weakness within a short time from catching COVID-19 and while still in quarantine hospital in recovery phase from infection. Magnetic resonance studies revealed bilateral cortical border zone infarcts as well as left lateral dural sinus and deep venous thrombosis. Conclusion Along the forth wave, COVID-19 is still hitting hardly the central nervous system vasculature.

Family Caregivers’ Experiences and Coping Strategies in Managing Stroke Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Exploration Study

Background: Stroke is a chronic disease that requires stroke survivors to be supported long-term by their families. This is especially because of the inaccessibility to post-stroke rehabilitation outside hospitals. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis and the pandemic restrictions in Malaysia are expected to exponentially increase the demand from family caregivers in supporting stroke survivors. Thus, this study aims to explore the burden, experience, and coping mechanism of the family caregivers supporting stroke survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted from November 2020 to June 2021 in Malaysia. A total of 13 respondents were recruited from two public rehabilitation centers in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. In-depth interviews were conducted with the participants. Comprehensive representation of perspectives from the respondents was achieved through purposive sampling. The interviews were conducted in the Kelantanese dialect, recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Three themes on burdens and experiences were identified. They were worsening pre-existing issues, emerging new issues, and fewer burdens and challenges. Two themes on coping strategies were also identified. They were problem-focused engagement and emotion-focused engagement. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the entire system of stroke management. While family caregivers mostly faced the extra burden through different experiences, they also encountered some positive impacts from the pandemic. The integrated healthcare system, especially in the era of digitalization, is an important element to establish the collaborative commitment of multiple stakeholders to compensate burden and sustain the healthcare of stroke survivors during the pandemic.

O acompanhamento clínico de crianças e adolescentes celíacos em meio à pandemia de Covid-19: uma revisão integrativa da literatura.

A doença celíaca é uma doença autoimune desencadeada pela ingestão de glúten, causando intolerância à ingestão de alimentos contendo esta molécula. Apesar de ser uma doença grave, o acompanhamento pré-clínico e clínico dos pacientes podem evitar pioras e comprometimentos nos quadros. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 no acompanhamento pré-clínico e clínico de crianças e adolescentes celíacos. Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa de Literatura realizada através de pesquisa nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Cinahl e Web of Science, em inglês e texto completo, levando em conta o último ano, utilizando-se os descritores do Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) “Celiac Disease”, “COVID 19 Virus Disease”, “SARS-CoV-2” e “Child”. Categoria 1- Viabilidade e a precisão de uma abordagem sem biópsia em crianças com suspeita de doença celíaca; Categoria 2- Impactos da COVID-19 agravantes à doença celíaca; por fim, Categoria 3- Aspectos da pandemia de COVID-19 limitadores da adesão ao tratamento de doença celíaca. Observa-se que existe uma demanda de estratégias à distância, como a telemedicina, para acompanhamento destes pacientes.