Gambiertoxin (CTX-4B), purified from wild Gambierdiscus toxicus dinoflagellates, induces Na+-dependent swelling of single frog myelinated axons and motor nerve terminals in situ

1997 ◽  
Vol 234 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Mattei ◽  
Evelyne Benoit ◽  
Pascal Juzans ◽  
Anne-Marie Legrand ◽  
Jordi Molgó
Keyword(s):  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Myelinated Axons ◽  
Motor Nerve Terminals ◽  
Gambierdiscus Toxicus

scholarly journals Confocal Endomicroscopy of Neuromuscular Junctions Stained with Physiologically Inert Protein Fragments of Tetanus Toxin

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1499
Author(s):  
Cornelia Roesl ◽  
Elizabeth R. Evans ◽  
Kosala N. Dissanayake ◽  
Veronika Boczonadi ◽  
Ross A. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetanus Toxin ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Motor Nerve Terminals ◽  
Mouse Muscle ◽  
Confocal Endomicroscopy ◽  
Derivatives Of

Live imaging of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in situ has been constrained by the suitability of ligands for inert vital staining of motor nerve terminals. Here, we constructed several truncated derivatives of the tetanus toxin C-fragment (TetC) fused with Emerald Fluorescent Protein (emGFP). Four constructs, namely full length emGFP-TetC (emGFP-865:TetC) or truncations comprising amino acids 1066–1315 (emGFP-1066:TetC), 1093–1315 (emGFP-1093:TetC) and 1109–1315 (emGFP-1109:TetC), produced selective, high-contrast staining of motor nerve terminals in rodent or human muscle explants. Isometric tension and intracellular recordings of endplate potentials from mouse muscles indicated that neither full-length nor truncated emGFP-TetC constructs significantly impaired NMJ function or transmission. Motor nerve terminals stained with emGFP-TetC constructs were readily visualised in situ or in isolated preparations using fibre-optic confocal endomicroscopy (CEM). emGFP-TetC derivatives and CEM also visualised regenerated NMJs. Dual-waveband CEM imaging of preparations co-stained with fluorescent emGFP-TetC constructs and Alexa647-α-bungarotoxin resolved innervated from denervated NMJs in axotomized WldS mouse muscle and degenerating NMJs in transgenic SOD1G93A mouse muscle. Our findings highlight the region of the TetC fragment required for selective binding and visualisation of motor nerve terminals and show that fluorescent derivatives of TetC are suitable for in situ morphological and physiological characterisation of healthy, injured and diseased NMJs.

scholarly journals Targeted delivery into motor nerve terminals of inhibitors for SNARE-cleaving proteases via liposomes coupled to an atoxic botulinum neurotoxin

FEBS Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (14) ◽  
pp. 2555-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om P. Edupuganti ◽  
Saak V. Ovsepian ◽  
Jiafu Wang ◽  
Tomas H. Zurawski ◽  
James J. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Motor Nerve Terminals
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