On lower estimates for linear forms involving certain transcendental numbers

1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keijo Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Rational Numbers ◽  
Linear Forms ◽  
Transcendental Numbers ◽  
Image Position

Letwhere λ is rational and not an integer. The author investigates lower estimates for example forwhere the αi are distinct rational numbers not 0, and where x1, …, xk, are integers and

Complex homogeneous linear forms

1956 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Complex Space ◽  
Rational Numbers ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Complex Numbers ◽  
Geometry Of Numbers ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Linear Forms ◽  
Rings Of Integers ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Homogeneous Linear

Let Z, Q, C denote respectively the ring of rational integers, the field of rational numbers and the field of complex numbers. Minkowski (4) solved the problem of minimizingfor x, y ∈ Z(i) or Z(ρ), where a, b, c, d ∈ C have fixed determinant Δ ≠ 0. Here ρ = exp 2/3πi, and Z(i) and Z(p) are the rings of integers in Q(i) and Q(ρ) respectively. In fact he found the best possible resultsfor Z(i), andfor Z(ρ), wherewhile Buchner (1) used Minkowski's method to show thatfor Z(i√2). Hlawka(3) has also proved (1·2), and Cassels, Ledermann and Mahler (2) have proved both (1·2) and (1·3). In a paper being prepared jointly by H. P. F. Swinnerton-Dyer and the author, general problems of the geometry of numbers in complex space are discussed and a systematic method given for solving the above problem for all complex quadratic fields Q(ϑ). Here, ϑ is a non-real number satisfying. an irreduc7ible quadratic equation with rational coefficients. The above problem is solved in detail for Q(i√5), for whichand the ‘critical forms’ can be reduced to

An application of the Thue–Siegel–Roth theorem to elliptic functions

1971 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Coates
Keyword(s):  
Number Theory ◽  
Diophantine Equations ◽  
Elliptic Functions ◽  
Rational Numbers ◽  
Algebraic Numbers ◽  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Transcendental Numbers ◽  
Linearly Independent ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Effective Proof

Let α1, …, αn be n ≥ 2 algebraic numbers such that log α1,…, log αn and 2πi are linearly independent over the field of rational numbers Q. It is well known (see (6), Ch. 1) that the Thue–Siegel–Roth theorem implies that, for each positive number δ, there are only finitely many integers b1,…, bn satisfyingwhere H denotes the maximum of the absolute values of b1, …, bn. However, such an argument cannot provide an explicit upper bound for the solutions of (1), because of the non-effective nature of the theorem of Thue–Siegel–Roth. An effective proof that (1) has only a finite number of solutions was given by Gelfond (6) in the case n = 2, and by Baker(1) for arbitrary n. The work of both these authors is based on arguments from the theory of transcendental numbers. Baker's effective proof of (1) has important applications to other problems in number theory; in particular, it provides an algorithm for solving a wide class of diophantine equations in two variables (2).

Isolated minima of the product of n linear forms

1953 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Linear Forms ◽  
Image Position

Letbe n linear forms with real coefficients and determinant Δ = ∥ aij∥ ≠ 0; and denote by M(X) the lower bound of | X1X2 … Xn| over all integer sets (u) ≠ (0). It is well known that γn, the upper bound of M(X)/|Δ| over all sets of forms Xi, is finite, and the value of γn has been determined when n = 2 and n = 3.

Estimates of Zeros of a Polynomial

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mirsky
Keyword(s):  
Integral Formula ◽  
Transcendental Numbers ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Complex Coefficients

Throughout this note we shall consider a fixed polynomial with complex coefficients and of degree n ≥ 2. Its zeros will be denoted by ξ1, ξ2, …, ξn where the numbering is such that Making use of Jensen's integral formula, Mahler (4) showed that, for l ≥ k < n, A slightly weaker result had been established by Feldman in an earlier publication (2). Mahler's inequality (1) is of importance in the study of transcendental numbers, and our first object is to sharpen his bound by proving the following result.

Analogue of a theorem of Khintchine in fields of formal power series

1966 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Cusick
Keyword(s):  
Power Series ◽  
Positive Constant ◽  
Classical Result ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Linear Forms ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Formal Power ◽  
Positive Integers

For a real number λ, ‖λ‖ is the absolute value of the difference between λ and the nearest integer. Let X represent the m-tuple (x1, x2, … xm) and letbe any n linear forms in m variables, where the Θij are real numbers. The following is a classical result of Khintchine (1):For all pairs of positive integers m, n there is a positive constant Г(m, n) with the property that for any forms Lj(X) there exist real numbers α1, α2, …, αn such thatfor all integers x1, x2, …, xm not all zero.

Irreducibility of Bernoulli Polynomials of Higher Order

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 565-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Bernoulli Number ◽  
Bernoulli Polynomials ◽  
Constant Term ◽  
Rational Numbers ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Image Position

The Bernoulli polynomials of order k, where k is a positive integer, are defined byBm(k)(x) is a polynomial of degree m with rational coefficients, and the constant term of Bm(k)(x) is the mth Bernoulli number of order k, Bm(k). In a previous paper (3) we obtained some conditions, in terms of k and m, which imply that Bm(k)(x) is irreducible (all references to irreducibility will be with respect to the field of rational numbers). In particular, we obtained the following two results.

Series representing transcendental numbers that are not U-numbers

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 869-892
Author(s):  
Emre Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Rational Functions ◽  
Rational Numbers ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Integral Representations ◽  
Binomial Coefficients ◽  
Elementary Functions ◽  
Linear Combinations ◽  
Type Series ◽  
Transcendental Numbers ◽  
Mathematical Constants

Using integral representations with carefully chosen rational functions as integrands, we find new families of transcendental numbers that are not U-numbers, according to Mahler's classification, represented by a series whose terms involve rising factorials and reciprocals of binomial coefficients analogous to Apéry type series. Explicit descriptions of these numbers are given as linear combinations with coefficients lying in a suitable real algebraic extension of rational numbers using elementary functions evaluated at arguments belonging to the same field. In this way, concrete examples of transcendental numbers which can be expressed as combinations of classical mathematical constants such as π and Baker periods are given together with upper bounds on their wn measures.

On the product of n linear forms

1953 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Complex Conjugate ◽  
Linear Forms ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Complex Coefficients ◽  
Homogeneous Linear

Let L1, …, Ln be n homogeneous linear forms in n variables u1, …, un, with non-zero determinant Δ. Suppose that L1, …, Lr have real coefficients, that Lr+1, …, Lr+s have complex coefficients, and that the form Lr+s+j is the complex conjugate of the form Lr+j for j = 1, …, s, where r + 2s = n. Letfor integral u1, …, un, not all zero. For any n numbers α1, …, αn of the same ‘type’ as the forms L1, …, Ln (that is, α1, …, αr real, αr+1, …, αr+s complex, αr+s+j = ᾱr+j), let

On the product of three homogeneous linear forms

1951 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. H. Chalk ◽  
C. A. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
General Point ◽  
Linear Forms ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Homogeneous Linear

Let X denote the general point with coordinates (x1, x2, x3) in 3-dimensional space; and let P(X) be the function defined by

On the product of three non-homogeneous linear forms

1947 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Real Numbers ◽  
Linear Forms ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
Homogeneous Linear

Let ξ, η, ζ be linear forms in u, v, w with real coefficients and determinant Δ ≠ 0. A conjecture of Minkowski, which was subsequently proved by Remak, tells us that for any real numbers a, b, c there exist integral values of u, v, w for whichand the constant ⅛ on the right is best possible.

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