Elementary Fractal Geometry. 2. Carpets Involving Irrational Rotations

Self-similar sets with the open set condition, the linear objects of fractal geometry, have been considered mainly for crystallographic data. Here we introduce new symmetry classes in the plane, based on rotation by irrational angles. Examples without characteristic directions, with strong connectedness and small complexity, were found in a computer-assisted search. They are surprising since the rotations are given by rational matrices, and the proof of the open set condition usually requires integer data. We develop a classification of self-similar sets by symmetry class and algebraic numbers. Examples are given for various quadratic number fields.

On distribution densities of algebraic points under different height functions

In the article we consider the spatial distribution of points, whose coordinates are conjugate algebraic numbers of fixed degree. The distribution is introduced using a height function. We have obtained universal upper and lower bounds of the distribution density of such points using an arbitrary height function. We have shown how from a given joint density function of coefficients of a random polynomial of degree n, one can construct such a height function H that the polynomials q of degree n uniformly chosen under H[q] ≤1 have the same distribution of zeros as the former random polynomial.

On algebraic points of fixed degree and bounded height

We consider the spatial distribution of points, whose coordinates are conjugate algebraic numbers of fixed de- gree and bounded height. In the article the main result of a recent joint work by the author and F. Götze, and D. N. Zaporozhets is extended to the case of arbitrary height functions. We prove an asymptotic formula for the number of such algebraic points lying in a given spatial region. We obtain an explicit expression for the density function of algebraic points under an arbitrary height function.

Joint Universality of the Zeta-Functions of Cusp Forms

Let F be the normalized Hecke-eigen cusp form for the full modular group and ζ(s,F) be the corresponding zeta-function. In the paper, the joint universality theorem on the approximation of a collection of analytic functions by shifts (ζ(s+ih1τ,F),⋯,ζ(s+ihrτ,F)) is proved. Here, h1,⋯,hr are algebraic numbers linearly independent over the field of rational numbers.

Constructing totally p-adic numbers of small height

Bombieri and Zannier gave an effective construction of algebraic numbers of small height inside the maximal Galois extension of the rationals which is totally split at a given finite set of prime numbers. They proved, in particular, an explicit upper bound for the lim inf of the height of elements in such fields. We generalize their result in an effective way to maximal Galois extensions of number fields with given local behavior at finitely many places.

Minimal degrees of algebraic numbers with respect to primitive elements

Given a number field [Formula: see text], we define the degree of an algebraic number [Formula: see text] with respect to a choice of a primitive element of [Formula: see text]. We propose the question of computing the minimal degrees of algebraic numbers in [Formula: see text], and examine these values in degree 4 Galois extensions over [Formula: see text] and triquadratic number fields. We show that computing minimal degrees of non-rational elements in triquadratic number fields is closely related to solving classical Diophantine problems such as congruent number problem as well as understanding various arithmetic properties of elliptic curves.

On real algebraic numbers in which the derivative of their minimal polynomial is small

Algebraic numbers are the roots of integer polynomials. Each algebraic number α is characterized by its minimal polynomial Pα that is a polynomial of minimal positive degree with integer coprime coefficients, α being its root. The degree of α is the degree of this polynomial, and the height of α is the maximum of the absolute values of the coefficients of this polynomial. In this paper we consider the distribution of algebraic numbers α whose degree is fixed and height bounded by a growing parameter Q, and the minimal polynomial Pα is such that the absolute value of its derivative P'α (α) is bounded by a given parameter X. We show that if this bounding parameter X is from a certain range, then as Q → +∞ these algebraic numbers are distributed uniformly in the segment [-1+√2/3.1-√2/3]

Lattices and the Geometry of Numbers

In this paper, we discuss the properties of lattices and their application in theoretical and algorithmic number theory. This result of Minkowski regarding the lattices initiated the subject of Geometry of Numbers, which uses geometry to study the properties of algebraic numbers. It has an application in various other fields of mathematics especially the study of Diophantine equations, analysis of functional analysis, etc. This paper gives an elementary introduction to the field of the geometry of numbers. In this paper, we shall first give a broad overview of the concept of lattice and then discuss the geometrical properties it has and its applications.

Lattices and the Geometry of Numbers

In this paper we discuss about properties of lattices and its application in theoretical and algorithmic number theory. This result of Minkowski regarding the lattices initiated the subject of Geometry of Numbers, which uses geometry to study the properties of algebraic numbers. It has application on various other fields of mathematics especially the study of Diophantine equations, analysis of functional analysis etc. This paper gives an elementary introduction to the field of geometry of numbers. In this paper we shall first give a broad overview of the concept of lattice and then discuss about the geometrical properties it has and its applications.