Antigens of cowpox virus

Cowpox soluble antigen is shown by gel-diffusion studies to contain at least nine precipitable substances whose presence is induced by virus infection. One of these substances, pattern component d, is not produced in white cowpox infections, and its production in vaccinia infection can be inferred only from the presence of small amounts of anti-d in anti-vaccinia sera.Comparison of cowpox with vaccinia has led to the recognition of a further line pattern component f which is readily demonstrated as a soluble precipitable substance in simple buffer extracts of vaccinia-infected tissue, but is demonstrated in extracts of cowpox-infected tissue only with difficulty; anti-f antibody is readily detected in antisera prepared against cowpox, white cowpox, and vaccinia.

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Gel Diffusion Studies of Plasminogen

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.1159/000229427 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 262-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sidney Shulman

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Studies ◽

Gel Diffusion

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Selective induction of monocyte and not neutrophil-attracting chemokines after influenza A virus infection.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.184.3.1191 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 184 (3) ◽

pp. 1191-1196 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

H Sprenger ◽

R G Meyer ◽

A Kaufmann ◽

D Bussfeld ◽

E Rischkowsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Mononuclear Cell ◽

Influenza A ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Infected Tissue ◽

Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Virus Model ◽

Influenza A Virus Infection

It is characteristic for virus infections that monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrate infected tissue while neutrophils are absent. To understand the mechanisms selectively attracting mononuclear cells in viral diseases, we examined in an influenza A virus model the expression and regulation of chemokines as candidate molecules responsible for the immigration of leukocytes into inflamed tissue. After influenza A virus infection of human monocytes, a rapid expression of the mononuclear cell attracting CC-chemokine genes MIP-1, MCP-1, and RANTES occurred which was followed by the release of chemokine proteins. In striking contrast to CC-chemokines, the expression of the prototype neutrophil CXC-chemoattractants IL-8 and GRO-alpha was completely suppressed after influenza A infection. The release of other neutrophil chemotactic factors was excluded by microchemotaxis assays. These results suggest that the virus-specific induction of mononuclear cell-attracting chemokines accounts for the preferential influx of mononuclear leukocytes into virus-infected tissue.

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