Immune responses to infections with coccidia in chickens: gut hypersensitivity

Parasitology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elaine Rose ◽  
P. L. Long ◽  
J. W. A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Eimeria Acervulina ◽  
Homologous Challenge

Sporulated oocysts or oocyst hulls of Eimeria acervulina given via the crop, and oocyst juice or sporozoites inoculated directly into the in testinal lumen, were tested for their effects on the hypersensitivity of the intestines of immunized and susceptible birds. Only viable sporozoites consistently caused an increase in the permeability of the immunized intestine to macromolecules, shown by the leakage of intravenously injected dye. Repulsion of epithelium and disruption of the villi were seen more often in immunized than in susceptible chickens but there was no correlation with treatment or with dye leakage.The hypersensitive response of immune intestines challenged with a heterologous organism was approximately half as intense as the response to homologous challenge.The significance of these findings in relation to immunity to coccidiosis is discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of oligosaccharides in a soybean meal-based diet on fermentative and immune responses in broiler chicks challenged with Eimeria acervulina

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 3132-3140 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Faber ◽  
R.N. Dilger ◽  
A.C. Hopkins ◽  
N.P. Price ◽  
G.C. Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Eimeria Acervulina

Immune responses to an Eimeria acervulina infection in different broilers lines

2007 ◽  
Vol 117 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J.C. Swinkels ◽  
J. Post ◽  
J.B. Cornelissen ◽  
B. Engel ◽  
W.J.A. Boersma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Eimeria Acervulina

Vaccination of chickens with DNA vaccine encoding Eimeria acervulina 3-1E and chicken IL-15 offers protection against homologous challenge

2011 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexing Ma ◽  
Chunli Ma ◽  
Long Pan ◽  
Guangxing Li ◽  
Jinghong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Eimeria Acervulina ◽  
Homologous Challenge

scholarly journals Controlled Infection Immunization Using Delayed Death Drug Treatment Elicits Protective Immune Responses to Blood-Stage Malaria Parasites

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne M. Low ◽  
Aloysious Ssemaganda ◽  
Xue Q. Liu ◽  
Mei-Fong Ho ◽  
Victoria Ozberk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Pilot Clinical Study ◽  
Th1 Cytokine ◽  
Delayed Death ◽  
Extended Exposure ◽  
Homologous Challenge

ABSTRACTNaturally acquired immunity to malaria is robust and protective against all strains of the same species ofPlasmodium. This develops as a result of repeated natural infection, taking several years to develop. Evidence suggests that apoptosis of immune lymphocytes due to uncontrolled parasite growth contributes to the slow acquisition of immunity. To hasten and augment the development of natural immunity, we studied controlled infection immunization (CII) using low-dose exposure to different parasite species (Plasmodium chabaudi,P. yoelii, orP. falciparum) in two rodent systems (BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice) and in human volunteers, with drug therapy commencing at the time of initiation of infection. CIIs with infected erythrocytes and in conjunction with doxycycline or azithromycin, which are delayed death drugs targeting the parasite’s apicoplast, allowed extended exposure to parasites at low levels. In turn, this induced strong protection against homologous challenge in all immunized mice. We show thatP. chabaudi/P. yoeliiinfection initiated at the commencement of doxycycline therapy leads to cellular or antibody-mediated protective immune responses in mice, with a broad Th1 cytokine response providing the best correlate of protection against homologous and heterologous species ofPlasmodium.P. falciparumCII with doxycycline was additionally tested in a pilot clinical study (n= 4) and was found to be well tolerated and immunogenic, with immunological studies primarily detecting increased cell-associated immune responses. Furthermore, we report that a single dose of the longer-acting drug, azithromycin, given to mice (n= 5) as a single subcutaneous treatment at the initiation of infection controlledP. yoeliiinfection and protected all mice against subsequent challenge.

scholarly journals Specific In Planta Recognition of Two GKLR Proteins of the Downy Mildew Bremia lactucae Revealed in a Large Effector Screen in Lettuce

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1259-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost H. M. Stassen ◽  
Erik den Boer ◽  
Pim W. J. Vergeer ◽  
Annemiek Andel ◽  
Ursula Ellendorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Downy Mildew Resistance ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Bremia Lactucae ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Effector Triggered Immunity

Breeding lettuce (Lactuca sativa) for resistance to the downy mildew pathogen Bremia lactucae is mainly achieved by introgression of dominant downy mildew resistance (Dm) genes. New Bremia races quickly render Dm genes ineffective, possibly by mutation of recognized host-translocated effectors or by suppression of effector-triggered immunity. We have previously identified 34 potential RXLR(-like) effector proteins of B. lactucae that were here tested for specific recognition within a collection of 129 B. lactucae-resistant Lactuca lines. Two effectors triggered a hypersensitive response: BLG01 in 52 lines, predominantly L. saligna, and BLG03 in two L. sativa lines containing Dm2 resistance. The N-terminal sequences of BLG01 and BLG03, containing the signal peptide and GKLR variant of the RXLR translocation motif, are not required for in planta recognition but function in effector delivery. The locus responsible for BLG01 recognition maps to the bottom of lettuce chromosome 9, whereas recognition of BLG03 maps in the RGC2 cluster on chromosome 2. Lactuca lines that recognize the BLG effectors are not resistant to Bremia isolate Bl:24 that expresses both BLG genes, suggesting that Bl:24 can suppress the triggered immune responses. In contrast, lettuce segregants displaying Dm2-mediated resistance to Bremia isolate Bl:5 are responsive to BLG03, suggesting that BLG03 is a candidate Avr2 protein.

scholarly journals Coadministration of DNA Encoding Interleukin-6 and Hemagglutinin Confers Protection from Influenza Virus Challenge in Mice

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1704-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane L. Larsen ◽  
Naomi Dybdahl-Sissoko ◽  
Martha W. McGregor ◽  
Robert Drape ◽  
Veronica Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Dna Vaccination ◽  
Gene Gun ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Homologous Challenge

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate whether Accell gene gun coadministration of DNA encoding human interleukin-6 (IL-6) would enhance protective immune responses in mice to an equine influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) DNA vaccine. Mice that received HA DNA alone exhibited accelerated clearance of homologous challenge virus but were not protected from infection. In contrast, mice that received both HA and IL-6 DNA had no detectable virus in their lungs after challenge. These results strongly support the use of IL-6 as a cytokine adjuvant in DNA vaccination.

The Hypersensitive Response in PAMP- and Effector-Triggered Immune Responses

2015 ◽  
pp. 235-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Feechan ◽  
Dionne Turnbull ◽  
Laura J. Stevens ◽  
Stefan Engelhardt ◽  
Paul R. J. Birch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Hypersensitive Response

Histological studies of resistance to soybean rust, Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ McLean
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Cell Necrosis ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Histological Studies

Histological comparisons were made of susceptible, resistant, and immune responses of soybean to infection by rust, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, at intervals after inoculation. In the susceptible host there was extensive hyphal growth and vigorously sporulating uredia developed. The immune hosts showed no macroscopic symptoms of infection, but at the microscopic level exhibited a hypersensitive response which was limited to a few cells. In the resistant host the hypersensitive response was not as limited, fungal development and associated host cell necrosis were more extensive, and symptoms of infection were visible macroscopically.

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