The Hypersensitive Response in PAMP- and Effector-Triggered Immune Responses

2015 ◽  
pp. 235-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Feechan ◽  
Dionne Turnbull ◽  
Laura J. Stevens ◽  
Stefan Engelhardt ◽  
Paul R. J. Birch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Hypersensitive Response

Immune responses to infections with coccidia in chickens: gut hypersensitivity

Parasitology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elaine Rose ◽  
P. L. Long ◽  
J. W. A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Eimeria Acervulina ◽  
Homologous Challenge

Sporulated oocysts or oocyst hulls of Eimeria acervulina given via the crop, and oocyst juice or sporozoites inoculated directly into the in testinal lumen, were tested for their effects on the hypersensitivity of the intestines of immunized and susceptible birds. Only viable sporozoites consistently caused an increase in the permeability of the immunized intestine to macromolecules, shown by the leakage of intravenously injected dye. Repulsion of epithelium and disruption of the villi were seen more often in immunized than in susceptible chickens but there was no correlation with treatment or with dye leakage.The hypersensitive response of immune intestines challenged with a heterologous organism was approximately half as intense as the response to homologous challenge.The significance of these findings in relation to immunity to coccidiosis is discussed.

scholarly journals Specific In Planta Recognition of Two GKLR Proteins of the Downy Mildew Bremia lactucae Revealed in a Large Effector Screen in Lettuce

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1259-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost H. M. Stassen ◽  
Erik den Boer ◽  
Pim W. J. Vergeer ◽  
Annemiek Andel ◽  
Ursula Ellendorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Downy Mildew Resistance ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Bremia Lactucae ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Effector Triggered Immunity

Breeding lettuce (Lactuca sativa) for resistance to the downy mildew pathogen Bremia lactucae is mainly achieved by introgression of dominant downy mildew resistance (Dm) genes. New Bremia races quickly render Dm genes ineffective, possibly by mutation of recognized host-translocated effectors or by suppression of effector-triggered immunity. We have previously identified 34 potential RXLR(-like) effector proteins of B. lactucae that were here tested for specific recognition within a collection of 129 B. lactucae-resistant Lactuca lines. Two effectors triggered a hypersensitive response: BLG01 in 52 lines, predominantly L. saligna, and BLG03 in two L. sativa lines containing Dm2 resistance. The N-terminal sequences of BLG01 and BLG03, containing the signal peptide and GKLR variant of the RXLR translocation motif, are not required for in planta recognition but function in effector delivery. The locus responsible for BLG01 recognition maps to the bottom of lettuce chromosome 9, whereas recognition of BLG03 maps in the RGC2 cluster on chromosome 2. Lactuca lines that recognize the BLG effectors are not resistant to Bremia isolate Bl:24 that expresses both BLG genes, suggesting that Bl:24 can suppress the triggered immune responses. In contrast, lettuce segregants displaying Dm2-mediated resistance to Bremia isolate Bl:5 are responsive to BLG03, suggesting that BLG03 is a candidate Avr2 protein.

Histological studies of resistance to soybean rust, Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ McLean
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Cell Necrosis ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Histological Studies

Histological comparisons were made of susceptible, resistant, and immune responses of soybean to infection by rust, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, at intervals after inoculation. In the susceptible host there was extensive hyphal growth and vigorously sporulating uredia developed. The immune hosts showed no macroscopic symptoms of infection, but at the microscopic level exhibited a hypersensitive response which was limited to a few cells. In the resistant host the hypersensitive response was not as limited, fungal development and associated host cell necrosis were more extensive, and symptoms of infection were visible macroscopically.

Specific humoral immune responses in 12 cases of food sensitization to sesame seed

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1285-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. KOLOPP-SARDA ◽  
D. A. MONERET-VAUTRIN ◽  
B. GOBERT ◽  
G. KANNY ◽  
M. BRODSCHII ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Food Sensitization

Author response for "Bromodomain inhibitor I-BET151 suppresses immune responses during fungal-immune interaction"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Domínguez-Andrés ◽  
Anaísa V Ferreira ◽  
Trees Jansen ◽  
Nicholas Smithers ◽  
Rab K. Prinjha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Author Response

Oral Immune Activation by Disgust and Disease-Related Pictures

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Stevenson ◽  
Deborah Hodgson ◽  
Megan J. Oaten ◽  
Luba Sominsky ◽  
Mehmet Mahmut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Image Set

Abstract. Both disgust and disease-related images appear able to induce an innate immune response but it is unclear whether these effects are independent or rely upon a common shared factor (e.g., disgust or disease-related cognitions). In this study we directly compared these two inductions using specifically generated sets of images. One set was disease-related but evoked little disgust, while the other set was disgust evoking but with less disease-relatedness. These two image sets were then compared to a third set, a negative control condition. Using a wholly within-subject design, participants viewed one image set per week, and provided saliva samples, before and after each viewing occasion, which were later analyzed for innate immune markers. We found that both the disease related and disgust images, relative to the negative control images, were not able to generate an innate immune response. However, secondary analyses revealed innate immune responses in participants with greater propensity to feel disgust following exposure to disease-related and disgusting images. These findings suggest that disgust images relatively free of disease-related themes, and disease-related images relatively free of disgust may be suboptimal cues for generating an innate immune response. Not only may this explain why disgust propensity mediates these effects, it may also imply a common pathway.

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