On the human uniqueness of the temporal reasoning system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Montemayor
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Human Uniqueness ◽  
Central Claim

Abstract A central claim by Hoerl & McCormack is that the temporal reasoning system is uniquely human. But why exactly? This commentary evaluates two possible options to justify the thesis that temporal reasoning is uniquely human, one based on considerations regarding agency and the other based on language. The commentary raises problems for both of these options.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Elementary Affective Sharing

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-150
Author(s):  
Henning Nörnberg
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
Phenomenological Tradition ◽  
Current Discussion ◽  
Affective Intentionality ◽  
Elementary Form ◽  
The One ◽  
Central Claim

This paper contributes to the current discussion on collective affective intentionality. Very often, affective sharing is regarded as a special feature ofamore general form of we-intentionality being already in place. In contrast to this view, the paper attempts to explicate a more elementary form of affective sharing that does not simply presuppose other forms of we-intentionality, but amounts to a primitive form of we-intentionality of its own. The account presented here draws on two conceptual tools from the broader phenomenological tradition: prereflective we-intentionality on the one hand and atmospheric perception on the other. The central claim is that some instances of affective we-consciousness mainly emerge on the level of unthematic, pre-reflective orientation within one’s environment. The first part of the paper gives an account of this claim, while second part places the account in the broader discussion on collective affective intentionality.

Stumbling on the rehabilitation gold? Foucault vs. Foucault in San Quentin and beyond

Ethnography ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Paulle
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Prison System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trauma Treatment ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Authentic Self ◽  
State Prison ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Central Claim

This article examines GRIP, a rehabilitation program currently spreading through California’s state prison system. While most ‘violent offenders’ come to GRIP hoping to increase chances of parole, this yearlong program with four main components – stopping violence, mindfulness, emotional intelligence, understanding victim impact – is meant to create conditions in which inmates can ‘do the work’ leading to genuine transformation. A central claim is that due in part to the trauma-treatment model GRIP follows, inmates end up ‘stumbling on the gold’ and going through changes (involving recovery of an ‘authentic self ’ rooted in childhood) that helps enable skillful responses even to ‘moments of imminent danger’. Understandably, researchers of such programs may seek theoretical inspiration from the ‘dominant’ version of Foucault. Yet this paper sets out to change the conversation about prisons and rehabilitation in part by demonstrating the utility of the ‘other’ Foucault’s pragmatic recovery of body-based self-disciplining practices and regimes.

scholarly journals The Design and Experimental Analysis of Algorithms for Temporal Reasoning

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Van Beek ◽  
D. W. Manchak
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Algorithms ◽  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Search Problem ◽  
Planning And Scheduling ◽  
Backtracking Search ◽  
The Core ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Space Requirements ◽  
Experimental Analysis Of Algorithms

Many applications -- from planning and scheduling to problems in molecular biology -- rely heavily on a temporal reasoning component. In this paper, we discuss the design and empirical analysis of algorithms for a temporal reasoning system based on Allen's influential interval-based framework for representing temporal information. At the core of the system are algorithms for determining whether the temporal information is consistent, and, if so, finding one or more scenarios that are consistent with the temporal information. Two important algorithms for these tasks are a path consistency algorithm and a backtracking algorithm. For the path consistency algorithm, we develop techniques that can result in up to a ten-fold speedup over an already highly optimized implementation. For the backtracking algorithm, we develop variable and value ordering heuristics that are shown empirically to dramatically improve the performance of the algorithm. As well, we show that a previously suggested reformulation of the backtracking search problem can reduce the time and space requirements of the backtracking search. Taken together, the techniques we develop allow a temporal reasoning component to solve problems that are of practical size.

scholarly journals Sætningskløvninger koder fokus og non-fokus i dansk

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-70
Author(s):  
Marie Herget Christensen
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Focus Structure ◽  
Central Claim

It is a central claim in most Danish grammars that the Danish cleft construction encodes the clefted constituent with the function focus and that other sentence types do not have any grammatical focus encoding. This article will argue that not only does clefts encode focus, the construction also encodes the other part of the cleft – the cleft clause – with the anti-function of focus, non-focus. Further it will argue that while non-clefted sentence do not encode focus, they do encode both potential focus in one part and anti-focus in another part of the sentence. Thus, the article will show that focus structure in Danish consists of four different encodings making focus structure coding relevant for all sentence types in Danish.

scholarly journals Locating the contradiction in our understanding of time

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Prosser
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning System

Abstract I offer some clarification concerning the kind of contradiction that Hoerl & McCormack's account could help explain and the scope of the metaphysical intuitions that could be explained by such a theory. I conclude that we need to know more about the sense in which the temporal reasoning system would represent time as a dimension.

“Signum est in praedicamento relationis”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Cesalli ◽  
Irène Rosier-Catach
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Central Claim

Roger Bacon is a remarkable figure for his theory of the sign. According to the new reading hypothesis presented in this article, the whole theory is grounded on the relational nature of the sign. Every sign is involved in two relations: one to the interpreter, the other to the significate, the first being “more essential” than the second. The hypothesis allows for a better understanding of Bacon’s central claim that speakers constantly re-impose words in colloquial practice, as well as of its main technical developments (equivocation and supposition understood as instances of re-imposition, the possibility for a word to lose its signification, its impossibility to signify univocally beings and non-beings). In his whole semantics, Bacon’s focus is not so much on entities (e.g. sounds, traces) as on relations holding between entities. From a comparative point of view, the paper offers considerations on the theological (and mainly Augustinian) background of Bacon’s ideas.

What time words teach us about children's acquisition of the temporal reasoning system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine A. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Temporal Concepts

Abstract Here I consider the possible role of the temporal updating system in the development of the temporal reasoning system. Using evidence from children's acquisition of time words, I argue that abstract temporal concepts are not built from primitive representations of time. Instead, I propose that language and cultural learning provide the primary sources of the temporal reasoning system.

Rights, Utilities and Contracts

1977 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 121-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan H. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Central Claim

My purpose here is to show how rights relate to utilities by showing how they arise from interests. My account will support a classic objection to utilitarianism—that the utilitarian who simply adds and balances utilities on an equal scale cannot generate a plausible analysis of rights. On the other hand, I will maintain that rights are recognized only to protect or guarantee the satisfaction of certain interests. One central claim will be that certain interests must be internally ordered in a nonadditive way, while others are merely added or balanced in sum in deciding moral courses of action or social policy. I will also indicate how different contractarian frameworks generate systems of rights from interests and how priorities among rights can be established by thinking of these different frameworks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document