A computer program based on spectral analysis for speech correction in children

Insufficient development of speech and poor command of it interferes, in turn, with its perception by ear, even with the help of sound-amplifying equipment, complicates its understanding, comprehension and transmission of information in the process of communication, at least in an elementary form. Today, in different countries of the world, educational aids are being developed - devices and devices that provide children in need of this with filling the deficit of information about sounding speech, complementing the feedback structure by connecting visual perception. We have developed a computer program “Home speech therapists” to improve speech in children after cochlear implant.

Effect of Energy Dissipation on Scour Hole Development Downstream of the Chute

An energy dissipation on hydraulic structures is a scientifically highly examined field of study. Gained knowledge can be used to ensure the safety of the hydraulic structures and the channels which is crucial during floods. Above that, those structures are also part of the critical infrastructure therefore their function is necessary. It is assumed that in the Czech Republic the precipitation distribution is changing due to climate change thus episodes of extreme floods may be observed more often. The paper brings brand new knowledge on the kinetic energy dissipation on the chute and in the stilling basin and its impact on the riverbed scour hole development. The presented research was conducted in the Water Management Experimental Centre of Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering. The research aimed to examine the energy dissipation mechanism on different geometric modifications of the construction of spillway chute and stilling basin and its impact on the process of scour hole development. These various types of dams’ flood safety equipment were examined in the hydraulic laboratory: an elementary form of the spillway without any stilling basin; the elementary form of the spillway and the stilling basin (crest and spillway channel had the same width); the chute width was reduced, and the stilling basin had the full width; steps were added on the narrowed chute and the and stilling basin had the full width; only the spillway crest was reduced to a half-width; only the stilling basin width was smoothly reduced; the chute’s width was smoothly reduced along the chute and the stilling basin had full width; the chute’s width was smoothly reduced along the chute and the stilling basin had the width reduced to a half. The flow, water levels, scour hole and deposit dimensions were measured. Then the amount of energy dissipated was computed. The correlation and connection between energy dissipation and scour hole development was investigated. These outcomes can be used as a recommendation of an appropriate construction design to provide better flood safety of the hydraulic structure.

Mathematical Modeling and Availability Analysis of Leaf Spring Manufacturing Plant

In this manuscript, we portray the composition and availability analysis of leaf spring. In wheeled vehicles for the suspension, an elementary form of spring i.e. leaf spring is usually utilized. Particularly in industrial vehicles, Leaf springs are one of the widely recognized suspension segments they are frequently used. A method is presented that tests the availability of each part involved in the system as well as the system as a whole. Besides, the analysis demonstrates an optimization model that helps to boost the availability of the leaf spring production plant system. The system is divided into different subsystems considering various phases in the production of leaf spring. The framework of this system consists of four components i.e. shearing, punching, heating, and assembling. Using the Markov birth-death strategy we established the mathematical model of the plant. The matrix method is applied to simplify the differential equations and C programming survey the fluctuation of availability related to time. The numerical results for the different framework are given which are effective to enhance the maintenance policy of the system.

Historisizing the ‘Dreaming’

The ‘Dreaming’ is an elaborate belief system that forms the governing ideology of Indigenous Australia. It religiously sanctions the relationship between people and place, and articulates it in a large repertoire of land-based mythology. The historical development of the ‘Dreaming’ is not known in any detail. Salomon Reinach and Émile Durkheim at the turn of the twentieth century saw it as preserving an elementary form of religious life. However, the long history of Aboriginal societies in Australia (now known to be at least 50,000–60,000 years) suggests that this belief system may itself have a long history of development and elaboration. Taking arid Australia as a case study, this article outlines the principal features of the ‘Dreaming’ in its ethnographic form and asks how we might trace it archaeologically. On the basis of current evidence, the ‘Dreaming’, in its classic form, appears to have taken shape during the last few millennia when many of its perquisites emerge in the archaeological record, although the possibility that it has more ancient roots is not discounted.

Numerical Differentiation and Integration

There are several reasons why numerical differentiation and integration are used. The function that integrates f (x) can be known only in certain places, which is done by taking a sample. Some supercomputers and other computer applications sometimes need numerical integration for this very reason. The formula for the function to be integrated may be known, but it may be difficult or impossible to find the antiderivation that is an elementary function. One example is the function f (x) = exp (−x2), an antiderivation that cannot be written in elementary form. It is possible to find antiderivation symbolically, but it is much easier to find a numerical approximation than to calculate antiderivation (anti-derivative). This can be used if antiderivation is given as an unlimited array of products, or if the budget would require special features that are not available to computers.

A causal role for the right angular gyrus in self-location mediated perspective taking

Recent theories suggest that self-consciousness, in its most elementary form, is functionally disconnected from the phenomenal body. Patients with psychosis frequently misattribute their thoughts and actions to external sources; and in certain out-of-body experiences, lucid states, and dreams body-ownership is absent but self-identification is preserved. To explain these unusual experiences, we hypothesized that self-identification depends on inferring self-location at the right angular gyrus (i.e., perspective-taking). This process relates to the discrimination of self-produced signals (endogenous attention) from environmental stimulation (exogenous attention). Therefore, when this mechanism fails, this causes altered sensations and perceptions. We combined a Full-body Illusion paradigm with brain stimulation (HD-tDCS) and found a clear causal association between right angular gyrus activation and alterations in self-location (perspective-taking). Anodal versus sham HD-tDCS resulted in: a more profound out-of-body shift (with reduced sense of agency); and a weakened ability to discriminate self from other perspectives. We conclude that self-identification is mediated in the brain by inferring self-location (i.e., perspective-taking). Self-identification can be decoupled from the bodily self, explaining phenomena associated with disembodiment. These findings present novel insights into the relationship between mind and body, and may offer important future directions for treating psychosis symptoms and rehabilitation programs to aid in the recovery from a nervous system injury. The brain’s ability to locate itself might be the key mechanism for self-identification and distinguishing self from other signals (i.e., perspective-taking).

On the Fundamental Constants of Nature

Planck’s constant and the gravitational constant are comprised of more fundamental quantities of length, mass, and time. Reformulating traditional equations in terms of these fundamental units offers a more granular view of the physical transformations encoded in the equations of physics. The composite structure of h and G conceals a simple model in which maximum unit potentials are reduced by dimensionless proportionality operators. Natural symmetries correlate the three unit dimensions, yielding predictable quantities of physical dynamics. Insights are organized into a New Foundations Model of physics that reformulates traditional constants and equations in elementary form. The New Foundations Model offers a common language for describing quantum mechanical, gravitational, and electromagnetic phenomena.

Where is my Mind? Separating the Self from the Body through Perspective Taking

Recent theories suggest that self-consciousness, in its most elementary form, is separate from the own body. Patients with psychosis frequently misattribute their thoughts and actions to external sources; and in certain out-of-body experiences, lucid states, and dreams body-ownership is absent but self-identification is preserved. We hypothesized that self-identification depends on inferring self-location at the right Angular Gyrus (perspective-taking). This process relates to the discrimination of self-produced signals (endogenous attention) from environmental stimulation (exogenous attention). We combined a Full-body Illusion paradigm with brain stimulation (HD-tDCS) and found a clear causal association between right Angular Gyrus activation and alterations in self-location (perspective-taking). Anodal versus sham HD-tDCS resulted in: a more profound out-of-body shift (with reduced sense-of-agency); and a weakened ability to discriminate self from other perspectives. We conclude that self-identification is mediated in the brain by inferring self-location (perspective-taking). Self-identification can be decoupled from the bodily self, explaining phenomena associated with disembodiment.

Recovery of Germanium from Sulphate Solutions Containing Indium and Tin Using Cementation with Zinc Powder

Cementation of germanium from sulphate solution obtained after the leaching of GeIn dross using zinc dust was investigated. The composition of the examined solution was 5.15 Ge, 1.52 In, and 5.81 g/dm3 Zn. In order to resemble the solution before detinning, Sn concentration between 2–10 g/dm3 was also investigated. It was found that >99% of germanium may be precipitated from the solution. In order to achieve high selectivity, a detinned solution should be used because the precipitation yields of germanium and tin from the solution containing Sn were similar. For cementation with Zn powder at 75 °C for 2 h with a final pH of 2.0, over 99% of the germanium was removed from the solution, while the indium precipitation yield was 12%. The obtained cementate contained 50% Ge, mainly in elementary form.

An algebraic perspective on abstract and concrete domains

Looking at isomorphic constructs from an algebraic perspective, this article suggests that every concrete construct is understood by reference to an underlying abstract schema in the mind of comprehender. The complex form of every abstract schema is created by the gradual development of its elementary form. Throughout the process of cognitive development, new features are added to the elementary form of abstract schema, which leads to gradual formation of a fully-developed abstract schema. Every developed abstract schema is the underlying source for understanding an infinite number of concrete isomorphic constructs. It is suggested that the process of the mapping of base domain (base construct) unto target domain (target construct) is conducted and mediated by an abstract domain. This abstract domain, which is free from concrete features of base and target, is isomorphic to both base and target domains. To describe the mediatory role of this abstract domain, it might be argued that the chain process of understanding a less familiar domain in terms of a relatively more familiar domain (salience imbalance model) cannot continue infinitely. This chain must stop at some point. This point is the abstract domain, which is isomorphic to base and target domains.