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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Witkower ◽  
Alexander K. Hill ◽  
Jeremy Koster ◽  
Jessica L. Tracy

AbstractThe present pre-registered research provides the first evidence that a downwards head tilt is sufficient to communicate dominance from a neutral facial expression among the Mayangna, members of an unindustrialized, small-scale traditional society in Nicaragua who have had minimal exposure to North American culture. Consistent with the Action Unit imposter effect observed in North American populations (Witkower and Tracy in Psychol Sci 30:893–906, 2019), changes to the appearance of the upper face caused by a downwards head tilt were sufficient to elicit perceptions of dominance among this population. Given that the Mayangna are unlikely to associate a downwards head tilt or related apparent facial changes with dominance as a result of cross-cultural learning, the present results suggest that perceptions of dominance formed from a downwards head tilt, and the visual illusion shaping these perceptions, are a widely generalizable, and possibly universal, feature of human psychology.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma ZAGHAR ◽  
El-Alia Wafaâ ZAGHAR

In this increasingly interconnected epoch, the teaching of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) along with culture that is considered as a fifth skill has become inevitable. Therefore, EFL teachers are impelled to introduce cultural instruction in their classes. They are then advised to combine the teaching of language skills with the foreign culture because it prepares their learners to behave successfully in intercultural encounters, gain solid cultural knowledge, overcome cultural obstacles, and promote their cultural awareness. The main questions addressed in this research focus on the inclusion of the cultural component in language subjects’ syllabuses, and the type of teaching strategies that can ameliorate the status of cultural instruction. This study points out the key importance of implementing intercultural information in EFL contexts founded on a case study undertaken at the University of Oran 2 in Algeria. This paper targeted a group of Master II students by using an array of data collection means including a questionnaire given to the learners, an interview done with the teachers, and classroom observation sessions carried out by the researchers. The major aims of this work were to verify the learners’ perceptions of cultural learning, and outfit students with core foundations of culture. The results demonstrated that the incorporated teaching techniques have enriched the students’ cultural understanding and intensified their linguistic adeptnesses. It is suggested that these teaching initiatives can aid learners be compassionate, understandable, and tolerant human beings.


2022 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Alliete Rodriguez Alfano ◽  
Sarah Radlinski ◽  
Mariana García del Corro-Helbig

There are an estimated 34 million children worldwide with hearing loss greater than 40dB. As around 90% of children who are Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) are born to parents with typical hearing there are often questions of what language the child who is DHH could and should learn. For the 90% of typically hearing parents who had no prior knowledge of sign language, the idea of having to learn another language to use with their children can be very daunting. Additionally, as the world becomes more bi/multilingual, many children who are DHH may live in a culturally and linguistically diverse community where the home language is not the same language as the community at large; these children are known as DHH Multilingual Learners (DMLs). This can cause additional potential language and cultural learning constraints on immigrant parents who are not yet familiar with their new community's spoken language(s) and culture(s). This results in an increased need for culturally competent professionals to work with DMLs to provide effective interventions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-288
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fahmi Hidayatullah ◽  
Muhamad Anwar Firdausi ◽  
Yusuf Hanafi ◽  
Zawawi Ismail

Trans culture is a cross-cultural condition which can develop or survive within the life of a community. Religion and culture as the pillars for unity in the cross-cultural era can potentially develop into liberalism. This study aims to reveal the process of religious and cultural liberalism along with the solutions. It uses a qualitative-analysis method with hermeneutic approach based on the thoughts of the figures of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in East Java. To collect the data, the researchers conduct in-depth interviews and data analysis of the works and news on religious and cultural liberalism. The study discovers the dialectic model of religious liberalism by making human rights the main source of law, which is called theological-capitalism. Besides, it finds cultural liberalism in the form of an identity crisis, which is called enculturation-liberalism. To overcome the religious liberalism, we can use clarification techniques and logical-systematic thinking. Meanwhile, the solution to deal with cultural liberalism is through cultural realism and socio-cultural learning. Transkultural adalah kondisi lintas kebudayaan yang dapat berkembang atau bertahan di kehidupan masyarakat. Agama dan budaya sebagai pilar persatuan yang dalam era lintas kebudayaan berpotensi berkembang pada paham liberal. Tujuan penelitian ini mengungkap proses liberalisme agama dan budaya yang disertai solusi dalam menangkalnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif-analisis dengan pendekatan hermeneutik berdasarkan pemikiran tokoh Ulama’ NU Jawa Timur. Dalam menggali data, dilakukan interviu mendalam serta analisis data dokumentatif karya dan berita liberalisme agama dan budaya. Hasil penelitian ditemukan model dialektika liberalisme agama dengan menjadikan Hak Asasi Manusia sebagai sumber hukum utama disebut teologis-kapitalistik, sedangkan dialektika liberalisme budaya dalam bentuk krisis identitas disebut enkulturasi-liberalistik. Solusi dalam menaggulangi liberalisme agama dengan menggunakan teknik klarifikasi dan berfikir logis-sistematis. Sedangkan solusi menghadapi liberalisme budaya melalui realisme culture dan socio-culture learning.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-187
Author(s):  
Yulian Dinihari ◽  
Zuriyati Zuriyati ◽  
Ninuk Lustyantie

Film is one of the effective and popular media in cultural learning, both local and foreign cultures. The film that is used as the object of research by the researcher is the film 'Marak: Mresani Panji Sekar'”. This film becomes an interesting study material because it explains the Javanese culture of the courtiers of the Yogyakarta Palace who will focus more on culture in the film. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. Analyzing cultural values by means of observation and study of documents in films in an effort to gain an overview and understanding of what is being studied. The values obtained are in the form of many values contained in it, namely the values of honor, trust, politeness, responsibility, and art. Describe the Javanese values of the Yogyakarta Palace which are shown in the film 'Marak: Mresani Panji Sekar' and reveal and understand the meaning contained in these traditional values.Keywords: Film, Values, Javanese Cultural


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Fatma ZAGHAR ◽  
El-Alia Wafaâ ZAGHAR

In this increasingly interconnected epoch, the teaching of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) along with culture that is considered as a fifth skill has become inevitable. Therefore, EFL teachers are impelled to introduce cultural instruction in their classes. They are then advised to combine the teaching of language skills with the foreign culture because it prepares their learners to behave successfully in intercultural encounters, gain solid cultural knowledge, overcome cultural obstacles, and promote their cultural awareness. The main questions addressed in this research focus on the inclusion of the cultural component in language subjects’ syllabuses, and the type of teaching strategies that can ameliorate the status of cultural instruction. This study points out the key importance of implementing intercultural information in EFL contexts founded on a case study undertaken at the University of Oran 2 in Algeria. This paper targeted a group of Master II students by using an array of data collection means including a questionnaire given to the learners, an interview done with the teachers, and classroom observation sessions carried out by the researchers. The major aims of this work were to verify the learners’ perceptions of cultural learning, and outfit students with core foundations of culture. The results demonstrated that the incorporated teaching techniques have enriched the students’ cultural understanding and intensified their linguistic adeptnesses. It is suggested that these teaching initiatives can aid learners be compassionate, understandable, and tolerant human beings.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Kamil Iwaniak

The aim of the article is to reflect upon the conveying of cultural content in the foreign language classroom that contributes to the development of intercultural competence. It has been attempted to systematize the multitude of aspects which characterizes the use of cultural studies in language classes. It has been done by drawing attention to reasons for taking into consideration this sort of knowledge while preparing the lessons and teaching methods that are in favour of an insightful contact with a cultural content. Attention has been primarily drawn to the coursebook Rivstart B1 +B2 that is intended for intermediate students of Swedish language. The coursebook has been subjected to a comprehensive analysis with regard to the cultural learning.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13890
Author(s):  
Juliana Fosua Gyasi ◽  
Lanqin Zheng ◽  
Miaolang Long

Cross-cultural collaborative learning in different learning domains is the road to the sustainability of economic, social, and environmental development. It creates the appropriate environment to acquire cross-cultural communication and collaboration skills for the 21st century. This study conducted a systematic review of 54 articles on cross-cultural collaborative learning published from 2011 to 2020. Based on the proposed analysis framework, the major elements of cross-cultural collaborative learning are revealed, including learners, group composition, learning environment, cross-cultural learning content, collaborative learning strategies, and research designs. The results indicated that most studies engaged learners at the university level and adopted small group sizes in cross-cultural collaborative learning activities. The online learning environment and social science learning content were widely employed in the past 10 years. Most studies adopted multiple collaborative learning strategies and lasted for 9 to 24 weeks. Most studies targeted mixed research purposes and adopted the qualitative analysis method. The findings and relevant suggestions for future studies are discussed in depth.


Author(s):  
Emma Hart ◽  
Léni K. Le Goff

We survey and reflect on how learning (in the form of individual learning and/or culture) can augment evolutionary approaches to the joint optimization of the body and control of a robot. We focus on a class of applications where the goal is to evolve the body and brain of a single robot to optimize performance on a specified task. The review is grounded in a general framework for evolution which permits the interaction of artificial evolution acting on a population with individual and cultural learning mechanisms. We discuss examples of variations of the general scheme of ‘evolution plus learning’ from a broad range of robotic systems, and reflect on how the interaction of the two paradigms influences diversity, performance and rate of improvement. Finally, we suggest a number of avenues for future work as a result of the insights that arise from the review. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The emergence of collective knowledge and cumulative culture in animals, humans and machines’.


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