What works in the Socratic debate? An analysis of verbal behaviour interaction during cognitive restructuring

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rebeca Pardo-Cebrián ◽  
Ana Calero-Elvira ◽  
M. Cristina Guerrero-Escagedo ◽  
Aída López-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Mechanisms Of Change ◽  
Socratic Method ◽  
Observational Methodology ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
What Works ◽  
Verbal Behaviour ◽  
Socratic Questioning

Abstract Background: Cognitive restructuring is one of the most complex application procedures in psychotherapy. It is widely used by psychologists from different orientations. However, the guidelines on how to apply it do not usually have empirical evidence and there is a lack of knowledge about the mechanisms of change that explain it. Aims: The analysis of verbalizations that therapists emit during the Socratic method could help to better understand the functioning and strategies of effective debates. Method: In this study, specific verbal interaction sequences were analysed using observational methodology. The sample consisted of 113 Socratic questioning fragments belonging to 18 clinical cases, treated by behavioural therapists. Results: Among other findings, it was found that using questioning together with certain previous verbalizations directed the client’s response more effectively and those successful debates were characterized by using the aversive component in a frequent and contingent way. Conclusion: This study shows the most effective way to establish such an interaction in the Socratic method (following a style closer to Ellis’s argumentative debate), which entails relevant practical applications in therapy.

Effective coparenting in stepfamilies: Empirical evidence of what works

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Ganong ◽  
Caroline Sanner ◽  
Steven Berkley ◽  
Marilyn Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
What Works

Study of the Socratic method during cognitive restructuring

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Xesús Froján-Parga ◽  
Ana Calero-Elvira ◽  
Montserrat Montaño-Fidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Socratic Method

scholarly journals A thalamo-centric neural signature for restructuring negative self-beliefs

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Steward ◽  
Po-Han Kung ◽  
Christopher G. Davey ◽  
Bradford A. Moffat ◽  
Rebecca K. Glarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
7 Tesla ◽  
Excitatory Effect ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Socratic Questioning ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Cortical Regions

AbstractNegative self-beliefs are a core feature of psychopathology. Despite this, we have a limited understanding of the brain mechanisms by which negative self-beliefs are cognitively restructured. Using a novel paradigm, we had participants use Socratic questioning techniques to restructure negative beliefs during ultra-high resolution 7-Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging (UHF 7 T fMRI) scanning. Cognitive restructuring elicited prominent activation in a fronto-striato-thalamic circuit, including the mediodorsal thalamus (MD), a group of deep subcortical nuclei believed to synchronize and integrate prefrontal cortex activity, but which has seldom been directly examined with fMRI due to its small size. Increased activity was also identified in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), a region consistently activated by internally focused mental processing, as well as in lateral prefrontal regions associated with regulating emotional reactivity. Using Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM), evidence was found to support the MD as having a strong excitatory effect on the activity of regions within the broader network mediating cognitive restructuring. Moreover, the degree to which participants modulated MPFC-to-MD effective connectivity during cognitive restructuring predicted their individual tendency to engage in repetitive negative thinking. Our findings represent a major shift from a cortico-centric framework of cognition and provide important mechanistic insights into how the MD facilitates key processes in cognitive interventions for common psychiatric disorders. In addition to relaying integrative information across basal ganglia and the cortex, we propose a multifaceted role for the MD whose broad excitatory pathways act to increase synchrony between cortical regions to sustain complex mental representations, including the self.

scholarly journals Socratic Self-examination and Its Application to Academic Advising

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Marlene S. Kuhtmann
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Academic Advising ◽  
Student Development ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Socratic Method ◽  
Socratic Questioning ◽  
Self Examination

Nussbaum (1998) proposed that Socratic activity is a worthwhile pursuit with regard to academic advising relationships. While it offers the promise of certain benefits, such as the development of critical thinking skills, Socratic activity arguably cannot be universally applied to all advising relationships. In presenting and analyzing issues related to the Socratic method, I offer support for a model of quasi-Socratic activity in advising as first identified by Hagen (1994). Referred to as “beneficial dialectic,” it can function from a more contextual standpoint than the traditional Socratic questioning method because through it advisors can consider factors such as level of student development, learning environments, and individual proclivities.

Effective stepparenting: Empirical evidence of what works

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Ganong ◽  
Marilyn Coleman ◽  
Caroline Sanner ◽  
Steven Berkley
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
What Works

Practical Applications of Sponsorship Theory: Empirical Evidence from English Club Rugby

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Des Thwaites ◽  
Andrew Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Corporate Sponsorship ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Implementation Evaluation ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Rigorous Framework ◽  
Functional Control ◽  
Broad Objective

This paper studied the corporate sponsorship of both rugby league and rugby union clubs. The broad objective of the research was to establish the degree to which the rigorous framework for sponsorship management identified in the literature is applied in practice. In general the league sponsors adopted a more commercial approach to their initiatives, although further analysis highlighted the diverse nature of union sponsors who may be identified on a motivational continuum fromcommercialtophilanthropic.Clear opportunities are identified wherein sponsorship programs may be adapted to contribute more fully to corporate marketing objectives through a greater application of the prescriptions in the current literature. Specific issues addressed include: functional control, selection, objective setting, implementation, evaluation, and leverage. An assessment of the extent to which this situation is common to the sponsorship of other sports in England is made by reference to studies of professional soccer and horse racing.

scholarly journals Model enumeration in propositional circumscription via unsatisfiable core analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 708-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIO ALVIANO
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Preference Relation ◽  
Core Analysis ◽  
Minimal Models ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Enumeration Problem ◽  
Admissible Solutions ◽  
Unsatisfiable Core ◽  
Preferred Solutions

AbstractMany practical problems are characterized by a preference relation over admissible solutions, where preferred solutions are minimal in some sense. For example, a preferred diagnosis usually comprises a minimal set of reasons that is sufficient to cause the observed anomaly. Alternatively, a minimal correction subset comprises a minimal set of reasons whose deletion is sufficient to eliminate the observed anomaly. Circumscription formalizes such preference relations by associating propositional theories with minimal models. The resulting enumeration problem is addressed here by means of a new algorithm taking advantage of unsatisfiable core analysis. Empirical evidence of the efficiency of the algorithm is given by comparing the performance of the resulting solver, circumscriptino, with hclasp, camus_mcs, lbx and mcsls on the enumeration of minimal models for problems originating from practical applications.

scholarly journals A life in training

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Good Luck ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
University Departments ◽  
What Works ◽  
The World ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
And Training

Select Quotes: Good luck happens, don’t ignore it. Recognize it for what it is and, if it fits, take advantage of it–a road of travel I should have followed more carefully.Those of us working with research discovery or advancement need to be better prepared to answer the “so what” question about its monetary (does it save money?) and operational (does it increase missions success?) return on investment. This preparation is often neglected and/or ignored in research circles. The world may not be our oyster, but the need to understand and apply emerging instructional capabilities and technologies to, and across, education and training activities continues to escalate and never ends. In an applied world, even more than in the ethereal world of academic theory, anything that works or might work goes.. . . there is substantial value in communicating and collaborating with colleagues in related and/or relevant disciplines such as computer science, engineering in general, human factors, economics, statistics (of course), cultural anthropology, linguistics, and so forth. This value seems especially evident in practical applications where the issue of what works is paramount, and it may be better accepted outside of university departments where relevance and dedication to a particular discipline may be of more value for advancement than cooperation across discipline boundaries. 

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