Directed technological change, energy and more: a modern story

AbstractReliance of modern economic activities on the use of energy, most of which still comes from non-renewable sources, provokes concerns regarding the most efficient utilization of energy inputs in production. While most theory expects directed technological change to be biased towards the non-renewable input, there is rare macro-level evidence that technological change is actually biased towards energy rather than other main inputs. To fill this gap, we apply stochastic frontier analysis to country data regarding output produced with capital, labor and energy, and estimate a set of indicators for technological change. Findings show that technological change is biased the most towards energy in general. In particular, although different groups of countries exhibit various patterns, there is strong evidence that technological change favors energy more than labor. This is in line with the theoretical expectation that technological change ought to be biased towards the non-renewable input rather than the renewable ones.

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How the role of ATM technology encourage financial efficiency on Madura villagers?

Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah ◽

10.22437/ppd.v9i1.10629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 43-50

Author(s):

Alifah Rokhmah Idialis ◽

Sariyani Sariyani ◽

Ayu Delawati Prasetyoningtyas ◽

Roechainy Kartika Ulfa

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽

Stochastic Frontier ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Financial Efficiency ◽

Frontier Analysis ◽

Automatic Teller Machine ◽

Financial Technology

Nowadays, the necessity and utilization of Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) technologies increase in rural areas. Financial technology became a crucial thing and created efficiency in their activities. Some previous research uncovers technology that could create efficiency in the economy, including financial technology. This paper, interest in investigating and detect how ATM technology establishes financial efficiency on villagers. This research was conducted in rural communities on the island of Madura, Indonesia. This study uses SFA (Stochastic Frontier Analysis) model to estimate technical efficiency. This research found out that ATMs in rural communities on Madura Island produce highly financial efficiency. It proved that the villagers in Madura need ATM technology for carrying out their economic activities.

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Measuring the Efficiency of Tax Collection among Economic Sectors in Paraíba State Northeastern Brazil (2013-2015)

International Business Research ◽

10.5539/ibr.v12n7p24 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Rodrigo Pereira de Oliveira ◽

Bruno Ferreira Frascaroli

Keyword(s):

Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽

Stochastic Frontier ◽

Far East ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Key Factors ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Tax Collection ◽

Frontier Analysis

This study investigates the efficiency of tax collection on operations related to the circulation of goods and interstate services (ICMS) in far east of Brazil, Paraíba State. The efficiency was estimated using quarterly data of the electronic invoices from the period of January 2013 to December 2015. In addition, we aim to identify levy’s key factors among distinct sectors, disaggregated into 489 sub-classes, according to the national classification of economic activities. It was used a stochastic frontier analysis which suggests that the average of the technical efficiency of the tax collection among sectors was 73.75% of the potential tax revenues. The amount of uncollected tax during the studied period were approximately US$7 billion. There is technical inefficiency of tax levy among important sectors of the economy of the state of Paraíba, demonstrated by 88.88% of inefficiency of tax collection itself. The sector comprehends clothing, wholesale of personal care products and leather shoes, among others. We verify that an increase of oversight actions by the tax collection agency helps to inhibit the inefficiency of tax levy.

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