A Trojan-Horse Strategy by In Situ Piggybacking onto Endogenous Albumin for Tumor-Specific Neutralization of Oncogenic MicroRNA

ACS Nano ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijung Kwak ◽  
Hyosuk Kim ◽  
Jooho Park ◽  
Eun Hye Kim ◽  
Hochung Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trojan Horse ◽  
Endogenous Albumin

In situ investigations of the polyoxometalate Trojan Horse compound K7Na[WVI18O56(SO3)2(H2O)2]·20H2O under high temperature and high pressure conditions

CrystEngComm ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Quesada Cabrera ◽  
De-Liang Long ◽  
Leroy Cronin ◽  
Paul F. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Trojan Horse

Using Ustilago maydis as a Trojan Horse for In Situ Delivery of Maize Proteins

10.3791/58746 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell-Christin Fiedler ◽  
Arne Weiberg ◽  
Karina van der Linde
Keyword(s):  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Trojan Horse

Experimental Setups for User Evaluation of Mobile Devices and Ubiquitous Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 155-171
Author(s):  
Francis Jambon
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
User Study ◽  
Trojan Horse ◽  
User Evaluation ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Ubiquitous Systems

Nowadays, mobile devices features are often linked up to the context of usage. As a consequence, researchers must consider not only the user and the device, but also the surrounding environment when designing effective user study evaluations. Two opposite experimental setups are possible: in-situ and in the laboratory. There is no consensus on their respective benefits, for instance with regard to the number of usability issues detected. In this chapter, the author isolates independent variables that could contribute to evaluation biases by proposing a taxonomy that splits the in-situ and laboratory experimental setups into two new setups. The author describes the concept of the “Uncertainty Principle” to emphasize the dilemma between precise observation and bias minimization and introduce the “Trojan Horse” technique to partially overcome the consequences of the uncertainty principle. As a conclusion, a methodology using the four experimental setups in a complementary way is proposed.

scholarly journals Pathogen Trojan Horse Delivers Bioactive Host Protein to Alter Maize Anther Cell Behavior in Situ

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina van der Linde ◽  
Ljudmilla Timofejeva ◽  
Rachel L. Egger ◽  
Birger Ilau ◽  
Reza Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trojan Horse ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Cell Behavior

Maleimide-Functionalized Liposomes for Tumor Targeting via In Situ Binding of Endogenous Albumin

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2382-2390
Author(s):  
Hanmei Li ◽  
Chuane Tang ◽  
Qi Tang ◽  
Dan Yin ◽  
En He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Targeting Efficiency ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Chemical Coupling ◽  
4T1 Cells ◽  
Maleimide Group ◽  
Endogenous Albumin

Albumin, the most abundant protein in plasma, has been widely used in drug delivery studies. Here, we developed maleimide-functionalized liposomes (Mal-Lip) that can bind to endogenous albumin to improve the tumor targeting efficiency of liposomes. Transmission electron microscopy and gel electrophoresis studies showed that albumin can bind to Mal-Lip due to the chemical coupling of the albumin thiol groups with the maleimide group. Both conventional liposomes and Mal-Lip showed minimal cytotoxicity within the tested range of lipid concentrations, indicating that the maleimide functionality did not increase the toxicity of liposomes to various cells. Mal-Lip was taken up by 4T1 cells to a greater extent than conventional liposomes, and Mal-Lip accumulated in 4T1 tumors in mice more than conventional liposomes after intravenous injection. These results suggest that the maleimide group can improve the tumor targeting efficiency of liposomes in vivo by binding to endogenous albumin in situ. However, the maleimide group also enhanced the uptake of Mal-Lip by Raw264.7 cells and shortened their time in circulation, indicating that further studies should be performed to prevent elimination of Mal-Lip by the immune system.

Rendez vous with Saturn's rings

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 743-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry T. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Low Thrust ◽  
Ring Plane ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Total Impulse ◽  
Saturn's Rings

ABSTRACTA mission to rendezvous with the rings of Saturn is studied with regard to science rationale and instrumentation and engineering feasibility and design. Future detailedin situexploration of the rings of Saturn will require spacecraft systems with enormous propulsive capability. NASA is currently studying the critical technologies for just such a system, called Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). Electric propulsion is the only technology which can effectively provide the required total impulse for this demanding mission. Furthermore, the power source must be nuclear because the solar energy reaching Saturn is only 1% of that at the Earth. An important aspect of this mission is the ability of the low thrust propulsion system to continuously boost the spacecraft above the ring plane as it spirals in toward Saturn, thus enabling scientific measurements of ring particles from only a few kilometers.

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