Acetic Acid, Glacial

SYNTHESIS AND CONFORMATION OF p-(AMINO)BUTOXYCALIX[4]ARENE

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.21712 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 49-57

Author(s):

Firdaus Firdaus ◽

Jumina Jumina ◽

Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Solvent Mixture ◽

Reduction Reaction ◽

Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽

Reduction Reactions ◽

Partial Cone ◽

Acetic Acid Glacial

Derivatization of 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]-arene to 5,11,17,23-tetra-amino-25,26,27,28-tetrabutoxycalix[4]arene compound via etherification, ipso nitration, and reduction reactions, respectively has been conducted. The etherification reaction was carried out by refluxed the mixture of 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-calix[4]arene, 1-bromobutane, NaI, and NaH in solvent mixture of THF-DMF (10:1 v/v) and nitrogen atmosphere for 4 hours to resulted 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrabutoxycalix[4]-arene 84% in yield; ipso nitration reaction was carried out by stirred the mixture of 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrabutoxycalix[4]arene and HNO3 100% in solvent mixture of dichloromethane-acetic acid glacial (1:1 v/v) for 2 hours and than refluxed for 1 hour to resulted 5,11,17,23-tetra-nitro-25,26,27,28-tetra-butoxycalix[4]arene 50% in yield; and reduction reaction was carried out by refluxed the mixture of 5,11,17,23-tetra-nitro-25,26,27,28-tetrabutoxycalix[4]arene and SnCl2/HCl reductor in ethanol solvent for 6 hours to resulted 5,11,17,23-tetra-amino-25,26,27,28-tetrabutoxycalix[4]arene 67% in yield. In the etherification reaction, the conformation of calix[4]arene compound was converted from cone to partial cone; but in the followed reactions, i.e. nitration and reduction reactions, the conformation of calix[4]arene compounds were remain in partial cone. Keywords: aminobutoxycalixarene, conformation, etherification, ipso nitration, reduction

ACS Reagent Chemicals ◽

10.1021/acsreagents.4002.20190603 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Acetic Acid Glacial

Improvement of Dissolution Properties Through Acyclovir - Succinic Acid Cocrystal Using Solvent Evaporation Technique

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v7i04.10653 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Hilya Nur Imtihani ◽

Agnes Nuniek W ◽

Dwi Setyawan ◽

Esti Hendradi

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Melting Point ◽

Succinic Acid ◽

Dissolution Rate ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Solvent Evaporation ◽

Dissolution Properties ◽

Ethanol Acetic Acid ◽

Evaporation Technique ◽

Acetic Acid Glacial

The objective of this research was to prepared acyclovir cocrystals with succinic acid as coformer using three different solvents (ethanol, acetic acid glacial, and 0.1N HCl) to influence the characters and improve the dissolution rate of acyclovir. Cocrystallization of acyclovir with succinic acid as coformer was successfully prepared by solvent evaporation technique using three different solvents (ethanol, acetic acid glacial, and 0.1N HCl). The screening indicated that acyclovir formed novel cocrystals with succinic acid in the three different solvents. PXRD profile show that there is three peaks in ethanol cocrystal in angle 2θ 5.9134o ; 9.1645o and 13.4044o . For acetic acid glacial and 0.1N HCl cocrystal there is one peak in angle 2θ 5.9263o and 2θ 9.6011o . In analysis diffractogram DSC formed ethanol cocrystal with melting point 175.84oC. The melting point of acetic acid glacial cocrystal is 178.41oC and 0.1N HCl cocrystal is 156.75oC. The dissolution rate of the cocrystals measured by the effisiency disolution (ED45) that considerable faster than that pure acyclovir and the physical mixtures. On the result of FTIR analysis there is changes of the wavenumber that indicated that there is cocrystal formed. And for SEM analysis, morphology of cocrystals was different than the original materials. In dissolution test, ethanol and acetic acid glacial cocrystals have better efficiency dissolution (ED45) (92.96 %) than the acyclovir ED45 (84.48 %). But 0.1N HCl cocrystal has lower ED45 than acyclovir that is 48.19 %. The results obtained in this research indicated the acyclovir cocrystals have formed with succinic acid as coformer using three different solvents. The physical properties was different from the three cocrystals. Dissolution rate of acyclovir cocrystals using ethanol and acetic acid glacial solvents was increase, whereas using 0.1N HCl was decrease rather than pure acyclovir

006 Effects of Chitosan on Growth and Rot of Soybean Sprouts

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.441e ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 441E-442

Author(s):

Young-Sang Lee ◽

Yong-Sun Lee ◽

Chang-Sung Kang

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Total Yield ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Antimicrobial Compound ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Different Levels ◽

Acetic Acid Glacial

The practicality of utilizing chitosan (MW = 5000-10,000) as a natural antimicrobial compound to reduce soybean sprout rot was tested. Soybean seeds were soaked for 6 h in solutions containing different levels of chitosan and acetic acid (glacial), and cultivated at 25 °C for 5 days. Soaking seeds with 1000 ppm chitosan increased germination percentage, hypocotyl thickness, total length, and fresh weight of sprouts by 4%, 5%, 2%, and 1%, respectively. The total sprout yield was increased by chitosan in a concentration-dependent manner in that 1000 ppm chitosan resulted in 8% increment of total yield (7.47 kg sprouts/kg seed). Compared to control (13.8%), chitosan significantly reduced sprout rot percentage to 7.0%, and consequently enhanced the marketable sprout yield by 39%. Although 100 ppm acetic acid also decreased sprout rot percentage to 11.8%, its yield-increasing effects were not as prominent as chitosan.