Catalytic Activity of Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP): Insights from a Computational Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (49) ◽  
pp. 14302-14313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela L. Borosky
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase

scholarly journals Gly429 is the major determinant of uncompetitive inhibition of human germ cell alkaline phosphatase by l-leucine

1991 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Hummer ◽  
J L Millán
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Uncompetitive Inhibition ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase

The catalytic activity of human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and germ cell alkaline phosphatase (GCAP) can be inhibited, through an uncompetitive mechanism, by L-Phe. GCAP is also selectively inhibited by L-Leu. Site-directed mutagenesis of five of the 12 residues which are different in PLAP and GCAP revealed that Gly429 is the primary determinant of GCAP inhibition by L-Leu, and Ser84 and Leu297 play a modulatory role in the inhibition.

Studies on Alkaline Phosphatase. Catalytic Activity of Human-Placental Alkaline-Phosphatase Variants

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Byers ◽  
H. Neville Fernley ◽  
Peter G. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase

Human placental alkaline phosphatase: Effects on conformation by ligands which alter catalytic activity

1981 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Orenberg ◽  
John M. Schaffert ◽  
Howard H. Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase

scholarly journals The Promoter of the Rat Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene Directs the Expression of the Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase Reporter Gene in Gonadotrope Cells in the Anterior Pituitary Gland as well as in Multiple Extrapituitary Tissues

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 983-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Granger ◽  
Valérie Ngô-Muller ◽  
Christian Bleux ◽  
Céline Guigon ◽  
Hanna Pincas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
R Gene ◽  
Glycoprotein Hormone ◽  
Steroidogenic Factor 1 ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase

Abstract Previous studies dealing with the mechanisms underlying the tissue-specific and regulated expression of the GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) gene led us to define several cis-acting regulatory sequences in the rat GnRH-R gene promoter. These include functional sites for steroidogenic factor 1, activator protein 1, and motifs related to GATA and LIM homeodomain response elements as demonstrated primarily in transient transfection assays in mouse gonadotrope-derived cell lines. To understand these mechanisms in more depth, we generated transgenic mice bearing the 3.3-kb rat GnRH-R promoter linked to the human placental alkaline phosphatase reporter gene. Here we show that the rat GnRH-R promoter drives the expression of the reporter gene in pituitary cells expressing the LHβ and/or FSHβ subunit but not in TSHβ- or GH-positive cells. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal pattern of the transgene expression during the development of the pituitary was compatible with that characterizing the emergence of the gonadotrope lineage. In particular, transgene expression is colocalized with the expression of the glycoprotein hormone α-subunit at embryonic day 13.5 and with that of steroidogenic factor 1 at later stages of pituitary development. Transgene expression was also found in specific brain areas, such as the lateral septum and the hippocampus. A single promoter is thus capable of directing transcription in highly diverse tissues, raising the question of the different combinations of transcription factors that lead to such a multiple, but nevertheless cell-specific, expressions of the GnRH-R gene.

Polymorphisms of Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase Are Associated with in Vitro Fertilization Success and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

2014 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magalie Vatin ◽  
Sylvie Bouvier ◽  
Linda Bellazi ◽  
Xavier Montagutelli ◽  
Paul Laissue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase

scholarly journals GnRH Receptor Gene Expression in the Developing Rat Hippocampus: Transcriptional Regulation and Potential Roles in Neuronal Plasticity

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 568-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Schang ◽  
Valérie Ngô-Muller ◽  
Christian Bleux ◽  
Anne Granger ◽  
Marie-Claude Chenut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Gnrh Receptor ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Rat Hippocampus ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase

Abstract In the pituitary of mammals, the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) plays a primary role in the control of reproductive function. It is further expressed in the hippocampus, where its function, however, is not well defined. By quantitative RT-PCR analyses, we demonstrate herein that the onset of GnRHR gene (Gnrhr) expression in the rat hippocampus was unexpectedly delayed as compared to the pituitary and only occurred after birth. Using a previously described transgenic mouse model bearing the human placental alkaline phosphatase reporter gene under the control of the rat Gnrhr promoter, we established a positive correlation between the temporal pattern of Gnrhr mRNA levels and promoter activity in the hippocampal formation. The gradual appearance of human placental alkaline phosphatase transgene expression occurred simultaneously in the hippocampus and interconnected structures such as the lateral septum and the amygdala, coinciding with the establishment of hippocampo-septal projections. Analysis of transcription factors together with transient transfection assays in hippocampal neurons indicated that the combinatorial code governing the hippocampus-specific expression of the Gnrhr is distinct from the pituitary, likely involving transactivating factors such as NUR77, cyclic AMP response element binding protein, and Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins murine osteosarcoma virus oncogene homolog. A silencing transcription factor acting via the -3255/-1135 promoter region of the Gnrhr may be responsible for the transcriptional repression observed around birth. Finally, GnRH directly stimulated via activation of its receptor the expression of several marker genes of neuronal plasticity such as Egr1, synaptophysin, and spinophilin in hippocampal primary cultures, suggesting a role for GnRHR in neuronal plasticity. Further characterization of these mechanisms may help unravel important functions of GnRH/GnRHR signaling in the brain.

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