Lymphatic Transport of Halofantrine in the Conscious Rat When Administered as Either the Free Base or the Hydrochloride Salt: Effect of Lipid Class and Lipid Vehicle Dispersion

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J.H. Porter ◽  
Susan A. Charman ◽  
Andrew J. Humberstone ◽  
William N. Charman
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Class ◽  
Salt Effect ◽  
Lymphatic Transport ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
Lipid Vehicle

Effects of lipid class and lipid vehicle volume on the intestinal lymphatic transport of DDT

1986 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.N.A. Charman ◽  
V.J. Stella
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Class ◽  
Lymphatic Transport ◽  
Lipid Vehicle

1H and13C NMR Studies of Etidocaine Free Base and Hydrochloride Salt. Solvent and Temperature Dependence

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-161
Author(s):  
Laurine A. LaPlanche ◽  
Robert Rothchild ◽  
Yangdong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
1H And13c Nmr ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt

scholarly journals Scalable Synthesis of High-Purity (R, R)-Dexmethylphenidate Free Base

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Wang ◽  
Dongsheng Chen ◽  
Yuanyuan Sun ◽  
Qing Cao ◽  
Bonan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
Substitution Reaction ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Amino Acid Ester ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
Scalable Synthesis

<p>A practical method for the preparation of high-purity (<em>R, R</em>)-dexmethylphenidate free base was developed. The method involves a substitution reaction of 2-chloropyridine and phenylacetonitrile via hydrolysis followed by hydrogenation, configuration inversion, chiral resolution, methyl esterification, and salification to give high-purity dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. The hydrochloride salt was then neutralized by powder sodium hydroxide overnight to give dexmethylphenidate free base with over 99% purity. This method can be used for the industrial production of the dexmethylphenidate patch API, which could also be further applied for the preparation of other types of amino acid ester free bases.</p>

Response of chronic denervated gastric pouches of rats to food and histamine

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Alphin ◽  
T. M. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Gastric Pouch ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Volume Output ◽  
Dose Levels

The volume output and hydrochloric acid secretion from the denervated gastric pouch of the rat in response to food and histamine were studied. Food was given at three dose levels—1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 g—and histamine (as free base) was given subcutaneously at dose levels of 0.34, 0.7, 1.4, and 2.8 mg/kg. The results show that the chronic denervated gastric pouch of the rat responds in a graded manner to both food and histamine in a certain dose range. Although rats are not as sensitive to histamine as humans and dogs, the chronic gastric pouch of the conscious rat is far more sensitive to histamine than the stomach of the pyloric-ligated or anesthetized rat. The feasibility of using this preparation for testing the effect of agents inhibiting food- or histamine-stimulated gastric secretion is discussed.

Tizanidine and tizanidine hydrochloride: on the correct tautomeric form of tizanidine

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. o28-o32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor L. Bekö ◽  
Silke D. Thoms ◽  
Martin U. Schmidt ◽  
Michael Bolte
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Tautomeric Form ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
H Nmr

A crystallization series of tizanidine hydrochloride, used as a muscle relaxant for spasticity acting centrally as an α2-adrenergic agonist, yielded single crystals of the free base and the hydrochloride salt. The crystal structures of tizanidine [systematic name: 5-chloro-N-(imidazolidin-2-ylidene)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-amine], C9H8ClN5S, (I), and tizanidine hydrochloride {systematic name: 2-[(5-chloro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)amino]imidazolidinium chloride}, C9H9ClN5S+·Cl−, (II), have been determined. Tizanidine crystallizes with two almost identical molecules in the asymmetric unit (r.m.s. deviation = 0.179 Å for all non-H atoms). The molecules are connected by N—H...N hydrogen bonds forming chains running along [2\overline{1}1]. The present structure determination corrects the structure determination of tizanidine by Johnet al.[Acta Cryst.(2011), E67, o838–o839], which shows an incorrect tautomeric form. Tizanidine does not crystallize as the usually drawn 2-amino–imidazoline tautomer, but as the 2-imino–imidazolidine tautomer. This tautomer is present in solution as well, as shown by1H NMR analysis. In tizanidine hydrochloride, cations and anions are connected by N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds to form layers parallel to (100).

The effect of general anesthesia on the intestinal lymphatic transport of lipophilic drugs: Comparison between anesthetized and freely moving conscious rat models

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arik Dahan ◽  
Avivit Mendelman ◽  
Sofia Amsili ◽  
Nathan Ezov ◽  
Amnon Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Lymphatic Transport ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Lipophilic Drugs ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Freely Moving

Intestinal lymphatic transport of three retinoids in the rat after oral administration: Effect of lipophilicity and lipid vehicle

1996 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nankervis ◽  
S.S. Davis ◽  
N.H. Day ◽  
P.N. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lymphatic Transport ◽  
Lipid Vehicle

scholarly journals Effects of lipid vehicle and P-glycoprotein inhibition on the mesenteric lymphatic transport of paclitaxel in unconscious, lymph duct-cannulated rats

Drug Delivery ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Cai ◽  
Xinxian Deng ◽  
Zhongdong Li ◽  
Dianyun An ◽  
Teng Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Transport ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Lymph Duct ◽  
Lipid Vehicle ◽  
Glycoprotein Inhibition
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