Can Neuroscience Provide a New Foundation for the Rorschach Variables?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-165
Author(s):  
Koji Jimura ◽  
Tomoki Asari ◽  
Noriko Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Rorschach Test ◽  
Neuron System ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Rorschach Variables

Abstract. Recent progress in neuroscience has made it possible to use neurophysiological techniques to validate and deepen the interpretation of Rorschach variables. The aim of this article is to review the results from Rorschach studies using the neurophysiological approach to discuss the consistencies and inconsistencies between the different results, and then to consider the future direction of Rorschach research in this area. We also provide unpublished data to complement the picture from peer-reviewed studies. Two main approaches to neuropsychological studies on the Rorschach exist. One approach is to measure brain activities directly during the Rorschach administration; a series of studies using multiple neurophysiological methods revealed activation of the mirror neuron system with relation to human movement responses. Another possible approach is to investigate whether individual differences in Rorschach scores can be explained by neurophysiological measurements during the administration of another psychological task. This article reviews how these two approaches provide novel insights into the Rorschach Test.

scholarly journals The mirror neuron system as revealed through neonatal imitation: presence from birth, predictive power and evidence of plasticity

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1644) ◽  
pp. 20130289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Simpson ◽  
Lynne Murray ◽  
Annika Paukner ◽  
Pier F. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Neuron System ◽  
Early Action ◽  
Perception System

There is strong evidence that neonates imitate previously unseen behaviours. These behaviours are predominantly used in social interactions, demonstrating neonates' ability and motivation to engage with others. Research on neonatal imitation can provide a wealth of information about the early mirror neuron system (MNS), namely its functional characteristics, its plasticity from birth and its relation to skills later in development. Although numerous studies document the existence of neonatal imitation in the laboratory, little is known about its natural occurrence during parent–infant interactions and its plasticity as a consequence of experience. We review these critical aspects of imitation, which we argue are necessary for understanding the early action–perception system. We address common criticisms and misunderstandings about neonatal imitation and discuss methodological differences among studies. Recent work reveals that individual differences in neonatal imitation positively correlate with later social, cognitive and motor development. We propose that such variation in neonatal imitation could reflect important individual differences of the MNS. Although postnatal experience is not necessary for imitation, we present evidence that neonatal imitation is influenced by experience in the first week of life.

scholarly journals The Effects of Neurological Priming on the Rorschach

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Giromini ◽  
Donald J. Viglione ◽  
Emanuela Brusadelli ◽  
Alessandro Zennaro ◽  
Marzia Di Girolamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Mozart Effect ◽  
Neuron System ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Medium Effect Size

Abstract. This article introduces a new scientific paradigm that might allow the investigation of the neurological correlates of the Rorschach test without using expensive and time consuming tools such as the fMRI or the EEG. Based on the literature on the Mozart effect, we anticipated that preactivation of a given brain network before exposure to the Rorschach cards would associate with the increased production of responses (or determinants) presumed to be associated with that same network. To pilot test this hypothesis, we focused on the postulated link between human movement (M) responses and mirror neuron system (MNS) activity, and investigated whether preactivation of the MNS would associate with the increased production of M responses. Specifically, 30 students were administered a subset of Rorschach cards immediately after watching three short videos aimed at activating the MNS at three different levels (no/low/high activation). Although no statistically significant differences among the three conditions were found, a linear trend in the expected direction (p = .107), with medium effect size (η² = .087) was observed. In addition to providing information on the M response, this article introduces a new scientific paradigm to investigate the neurological correlates of the Rorschach.

EEG Imaging of the Mirror Neuron System in Autism

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Bernier ◽  
Geraldine Dawson ◽  
Stanley Lunde
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Neuron System

Activation of the mirror neuron system in treatment of aphasia

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Alka ◽  
J Klann ◽  
M Staedtgen ◽  
IG Meister ◽  
W Huber
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Neuron System

scholarly journals The human mirror neuron system—A common neural basis for social cognition?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie N. L. Schmidt ◽  
Joachim Hass ◽  
Peter Kirsch ◽  
Daniela Mier
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Neuron System ◽  
System A

scholarly journals Does dysfunction of the mirror neuron system contribute to symptoms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (7) ◽  
pp. 1288-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Eisen ◽  
Roger Lemon ◽  
Matthew C. Kiernan ◽  
Michael Hornberger ◽  
Martin R. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Neuron System ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Intentionality of movement: Mirror neuron system and theory of mind

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2113-2113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Borghi ◽  
F. Binkofski
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Action Understanding ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Motor Representation ◽  
Neuron System ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Additional Explanation

The ability to understand intentions of actions performed by others is one of the prerequisites for social interaction. This ability has been attributed to our capacity to mentalize others’ behaviour, by simulating or predicting their mental states that would cause that behaviour and make it comprehensible. Brain imaging studies revealed the so called “mentalizng network” including the pSTS/TPJ, the temporal poles and the medial prefrontal cortex. This network gets constantly activated anytime we try to take the perspective of others or try to simulate their state of mind. On the other hand the discovery of mirror neurons has provided an additional explanation for understanding of the content of actions. The functional properties of these neurons point out that action understanding is primarily based on a mechanism that directly matches the sensory representation of perceived actions with one's own motor representation of the same actions. We provide evidence that both systems interact closely during the processing of intentionality of actions. Thus mentalizing is not the only form of intentional understanding and motor and intentional components of action are closely interwoven. Both systems play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Comparing mirror neuron system activity between sporadic and familial cases of schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Sayantanava Mitra ◽  
S. Haque Nizamie ◽  
Nishant Goyal ◽  
Sai Krishna Tikka ◽  
Anjana Rao Kavoor
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Neuron System ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Familial Cases
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